Contribuição para o estudo da viabilidade do sorgo-grão na produção de bioetanol
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. EST
Abstract
O presente trabalho visa estudar a viabilidade do sorgo-grão (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) como matéria-prima alternativa para a produção de etanol, numa perspetiva de sustentabilidade energética e agrícola. Face à crescente necessidade de diversificar as fontes energéticas e reduzir a dependência de combustíveis fósseis, o sorgo-grão surge como uma cultura promissora, dada a sua elevada tolerância à seca, baixa exigência hídrica, capacidade de adaptação a solos pobres e potencial energético associado ao seu elevado teor de amido.
A nossa investigação iniciou-se com uma caracterização agronómica e económica da cultura do sorgo, destacando a sua origem, distribuição geográfica, importância socioeconómica, práticas agrícolas atuais e perspetivas futuras. Foram analisadas as vantagens do sorgo face a outras culturas amiláceas, como o milho, sobretudo em regiões com escassez de água.
Seguiu-se o estudo do processo de produção de etanol a partir de matérias-primas amiláceas, com destaque para as fases de pré-tratamento, hidrólise e sacarificação enzimática do amido, fermentação alcoólica e destilação. Este processo foi aplicado a duas variedades de sorgo-grão (branco e vermelho), sujeitas a ensaios laboratoriais que incluíram a trituração dos grãos, cozimento/gelatinização, adição de enzimas específicas (alfa-amilase e glucosidase), fermentação com leveduras e posterior destilação do mosto fermentado.
Através da medição do dióxido de carbono libertado durante a fermentação e da avaliação da graduação alcoólica, foi possível calcular o rendimento em etanol de cada variedade, bem como a potencial produção de grãos secos de destilaria com sólidos solúveis, ou Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS).
Palavras-chave
Sorgo-grão, bioetanol, energias renováveis, fermentação alcoólica, culturas
Abstract This study is an approach to the viability of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) as an alternative raw material for ethanol production, from an energy and agricultural sustainability perspective. Given the growing need to diversify energy sources and to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, grain sorghum has emerged as a promising crop, given its high drought tolerance, low water demand, ability to adapt to poor soils and energy potential associated with its high starch content. The research began with an agronomic and economic characterization of the sorghum crop, highlighting its origin, geographical distribution, socio-economic importance, current agricultural practices and future prospects. The advantages of sorghum over other starchy crops, such as maize, were analysed, especially in water-scarce regions. This was followed by a study of the process of producing ethanol from starch raw materials, with emphasis on pre-treatment, hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification of starch, alcoholic fermentation and distillation phases. This process was applied to two varieties of grain sorghum (white and red), which were subjected to laboratory tests that included crushing the grains, cooking/gelatinization, the addition of specific enzymes (alpha-amylase and glucosidase), fermentation with yeasts and subsequent distillation of the fermented mash. By measuring the carbon dioxide released during fermentation and determining the alcoholic strength by weight, it was possible to calculate the ethanol yield of each variety, as well as the potential Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (or DDGS) production. Keywords Grain sorghum, bioethanol, renewable energies, alcoholic fermentation, energy
Abstract This study is an approach to the viability of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) as an alternative raw material for ethanol production, from an energy and agricultural sustainability perspective. Given the growing need to diversify energy sources and to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, grain sorghum has emerged as a promising crop, given its high drought tolerance, low water demand, ability to adapt to poor soils and energy potential associated with its high starch content. The research began with an agronomic and economic characterization of the sorghum crop, highlighting its origin, geographical distribution, socio-economic importance, current agricultural practices and future prospects. The advantages of sorghum over other starchy crops, such as maize, were analysed, especially in water-scarce regions. This was followed by a study of the process of producing ethanol from starch raw materials, with emphasis on pre-treatment, hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification of starch, alcoholic fermentation and distillation phases. This process was applied to two varieties of grain sorghum (white and red), which were subjected to laboratory tests that included crushing the grains, cooking/gelatinization, the addition of specific enzymes (alpha-amylase and glucosidase), fermentation with yeasts and subsequent distillation of the fermented mash. By measuring the carbon dioxide released during fermentation and determining the alcoholic strength by weight, it was possible to calculate the ethanol yield of each variety, as well as the potential Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (or DDGS) production. Keywords Grain sorghum, bioethanol, renewable energies, alcoholic fermentation, energy
Description
Keywords
Sorgo-grão, Bioetanol, Energias renováveis, Fermentacão alcoólica, Culturas energéticas., Grain sorghum, Bioethanol, Renewable energies, Alcoholic fermentation, Energy crops.
Citation
PEREIRA, Hugo Miguel Silva (2025) - Contribuição para o estudo da viabilidade do sorgo-grão na produção de bioetanol. Castelo Branco IPCB. EST. Trabalho de Projeto de Engenharia das Energias Renováveis.