Avaliação nutricional de diferentes espécies de algas marinhas
Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESA
Abstract
A atual vida frenética da urbanização têm transmitido uma ilusão relacionada à
abundância e diversidade alimentar. Nos países desenvolvidos, o consumo sem regras,
cuidados alimentares e de fast food (alimentos sem nutrientes e rica em calorias e
gorduras) influenciou a sociedade a adotar uma alimentação antagónica à tradicional,
“slow food”, denominada comida caseira. Consequentemente, devido às carências
nutricionais na alimentação, quer nos países desenvolvidos quer nos países
subdesenvolvidos, a população pode contrair casos graves de doenças, tais como
diabetes, arteriosclerose ou raquitismo. As algas são organismos unicelulares
(microalgas) e multicelulares (macroalgas), classificadas em três grupos a partir da sua
pigmentação, com capacidades fotossintéticas, responsáveis pela disponibilização de
aproximadamente 80% do O2 atmosférico. As investigações recentes sobre o consumo
regular de macroalgas têm demonstrado os efeitos de diversos compostos bioativos,
incluindo o seu potencial face a doenças, vírus e o envelhecimento, os quais são
essenciais à saúde do ser humano. Da mesma forma, observou-se que a incorporação
das algas marinhas na ração animal promove o crescimento positivo dos animais e
melhora a qualidade da proteína animal. As macroalgas, conhecidas por serem fontes
alimentares pobres em gorduras, contêm uma ampla gama de nutrientes como
hidratos de carbono, proteínas, vitaminas e minerais, que podem ajudar a melhorar as
carências nutricionais na alimentação humana.
A composição nutricional das três espécies de Buarcos e a de Porto Batel indicou
uma variação de valores para cinzas, proteínas, gorduras, fibras e hidratos de carbono
com 26,56 a 33,53 g/100 g MS, 18,05 a 18,43 g/100 g MS, 0,11 a 0,19 g/100 g MS, de
5,83 a 10,88 g/100 g MS e 68,43 a 77,88 g/100 g MS, respetivamente. Estes resultados
viabilizam a utilização das algas marinhas estudadas como ótimos candidatos na
suplementação nutricional de diversos produtos alimentares, essencialmente devido
às grandes quantidades de minerais. Com a ausência de dados relativos à ingestão
diária de algas marinhas, as entidades responsáveis sugeriram a utilização da dose
média diária (8-10 g) de matéria seca de algas marinhas, idêntica à utilizada nos países
asiáticos. No rótulo apresentado neste trabalho, as maiores percentagens das doses
diárias recomendadas (% DDR) de magnésio e potássio, foram observadas na
macroalga castanha de Porto Batel (36,7 % e 19,7 %). No entanto, foi observado nas
espécies colhidas na Baia de Buarcos, uma maior % DDR de cálcio, sódio, fósforo, ferro,
zinco, cobre e manganês, os quais são superiores aos valores da espécie de Porto Batel.
Os resultados do presente estudo confirmam a afirmação de que os perfis nutricionais
e minerais das macroalgas dependem da espécie em questão, da proveniência
geográfica e da disponibilidade de nutrientes no ambiente envolvente. Esta
diversidade torna estes vegetais marinhos uma fonte viável de nutrição para o consumo humano
Abstract: Today’s hectic life of urbanization has given rise to an illusion of food abundance and diversity. In developed countries, the unregulated consumption of fast food (foods lacking in nutrients and high in calories and fat) has influenced society to adopt a diet that is antagonistic to the traditional “slow food”, known as home-cooked food. As result, due to nutritional shortages in the diet, both in developed and underdeveloped countries, the population can contract serious diseases such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis or rickets. Algae are unicellular (microalgae) and multicellular (macroalgae) organisms, classified in three groups based on their pigmentation, with photosynthetic capabilities, responsible for providing approximately 80% of the atmospheric oxygen (O2). Recent research into regular consumption of macroalgae has demonstrated the effects of various bioactive compounds, including their potential against diseases, virus and ageing, which are essential to the human health. Similarly, the incorporation of seaweed into animal feed has been observed to promote positive growth in animals and enhance the quality of animal protein. Macroalgae, known for being a low-fat-food source, contain a wide range of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, which can help improve nutritional shortages in the human diet. The nutritional composition of the three species of Buarcos and Porto Batel exhibited a range of values for ash, protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrates with 26.56 to 33.53 g/100 g DM; 18.05 to 18.43 g/100 g DM; 0.11 to 0.19 g/100 g DM; 5.83 to 10.88 g/100 g DM and 68.43 to 77.88 g/100 g DM, respectively. These results make it feasible to use the seaweeds studied as excellent candidates for nutritional supplementation of various food products, essentially due to the large quantities of minerals. With the lack of data on the daily intake of seaweed, the responsible authorities have suggested using an average daily intake (8-10 g) of dry seaweed matter, identical to that used in Asia countries. In the labelling presented in this paper, the highest percentages of the recommended daily intake (% RDA) of magnesium and potassium were observed in the brown macroalgae from Porto Batel (36.7 % and 19.7 %). However, a higher % RDI for calcium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and manganese, was observed in the species harvested in Buarcos Bay. The findings of this study confirm the assertion that the nutritional and mineral profiles of macroalgae are contingent upon the species in question, the geographical provenance, and the availability of nutrients in the surroundings environment. This diversity makes macroalgae a viable source of nutrition for human consumption.
Abstract: Today’s hectic life of urbanization has given rise to an illusion of food abundance and diversity. In developed countries, the unregulated consumption of fast food (foods lacking in nutrients and high in calories and fat) has influenced society to adopt a diet that is antagonistic to the traditional “slow food”, known as home-cooked food. As result, due to nutritional shortages in the diet, both in developed and underdeveloped countries, the population can contract serious diseases such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis or rickets. Algae are unicellular (microalgae) and multicellular (macroalgae) organisms, classified in three groups based on their pigmentation, with photosynthetic capabilities, responsible for providing approximately 80% of the atmospheric oxygen (O2). Recent research into regular consumption of macroalgae has demonstrated the effects of various bioactive compounds, including their potential against diseases, virus and ageing, which are essential to the human health. Similarly, the incorporation of seaweed into animal feed has been observed to promote positive growth in animals and enhance the quality of animal protein. Macroalgae, known for being a low-fat-food source, contain a wide range of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, which can help improve nutritional shortages in the human diet. The nutritional composition of the three species of Buarcos and Porto Batel exhibited a range of values for ash, protein, fat, fiber and carbohydrates with 26.56 to 33.53 g/100 g DM; 18.05 to 18.43 g/100 g DM; 0.11 to 0.19 g/100 g DM; 5.83 to 10.88 g/100 g DM and 68.43 to 77.88 g/100 g DM, respectively. These results make it feasible to use the seaweeds studied as excellent candidates for nutritional supplementation of various food products, essentially due to the large quantities of minerals. With the lack of data on the daily intake of seaweed, the responsible authorities have suggested using an average daily intake (8-10 g) of dry seaweed matter, identical to that used in Asia countries. In the labelling presented in this paper, the highest percentages of the recommended daily intake (% RDA) of magnesium and potassium were observed in the brown macroalgae from Porto Batel (36.7 % and 19.7 %). However, a higher % RDI for calcium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and manganese, was observed in the species harvested in Buarcos Bay. The findings of this study confirm the assertion that the nutritional and mineral profiles of macroalgae are contingent upon the species in question, the geographical provenance, and the availability of nutrients in the surroundings environment. This diversity makes macroalgae a viable source of nutrition for human consumption.
Description
Keywords
Rótulo, Nutrição, Ambiente marinho, Minerais, Macroalgas
Citation
ALMEIDA, Mariana Marques (2024) - Avaliação nutricional de diferentes espécies de algas marinhas. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESA. 35 p. Relatório do Trabalho de Fim de Curso de Biotecnologia Alimentar.