Mitos no uso de opioides na gestão da dor crónica em cuidados paliativos: competências do enfermeiro
Data
2026
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do volume
Editora
IPCB. ESALD
Resumo
O presente Trabalho Final de Curso consiste numa revisão narrativa centrada na temática “Mitos no Uso de Opioides na Gestão da Dor Crónica em Cuidados Paliativos: Competências do Enfermeiro”.
O principal objetivo é identificar quais os mitos dos profissionais de saúde, dos doentes e dos seus familiares, analisando o impacto dessas conceções na qualidade de vida do doente, bem como explorar as competências do enfermeiro na desmistificação dos mitos e na gestão adequada da dor crónica.
Em cuidados paliativos, a dor é o sintoma mais prevalente e o seu alívio é fundamental para a promoção da qualidade de vida, sendo frequentemente comprometido por ideias erróneas em relação aos opioides, culminando no subtratamento da dor e aumento do sofrimento insuportável e evitável.
A dor crónica é indissociável do sofrimento, sendo este um fenómeno complexo e multidimensional, que engloba as dimensões física, psicológica, espiritual e social. Neste contexto, o enfermeiro tem o dever ético e profissional de prestar cuidados holísticos e centrados na pessoa, mobilizando competências de escuta ativa, comunicação terapêutica e relação de ajuda, de forma a compreender as verdadeiras necessidades do doente para além da componente física. Esta abordagem permite individualizar o plano de cuidados, respeitar os valores e preferências individuais e capacitar o doente e a sua família para uma participação ativa e informada no plano terapêutico.
Através de uma revisão da literatura e análise de artigos, foi possível identificar mitos como a estigmatização dos doentes que utilizam opioides, o receio de depressão respiratória, a crença de que estes fármacos devem restringir-se a fases terminais e o receio de que possam acelerar o processo de doença e a morte.
Conclui-se que a presença destes mitos constitui uma barreira significativa à adesão terapêutica e à prescrição adequada, reforçando a necessidade de uma atuação informada e proativa por parte dos enfermeiros na educação e desmistificação junto dos doentes, familiares e restantes membros da equipa
Abstract : This Final Course Project consists of a narrative review focused on the theme "Myths in the Use of Opioids in Chronic Pain Management in Palliative Care: Nursing Competencies". The main objective is to identify the myths held by health professionals, patients, and their families, analysing the impact of these conceptions on the patient's quality of life, as well as to explore the nurse's competencies in dispelling these myths and in the appropriate management of chronic pain. In palliative care, pain is the most prevalent symptom, and its relief is essential to the promotion of quality of life. This relief is frequently compromised by mistaken ideas regarding opioids, culminating in the undertreatment of pain and an increase in unbearable and avoidable suffering. Chronic pain is inseparable from suffering, the latter being a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses physical, psychological, spiritual, and social dimensions. In this context, the nurse has the ethical and professional duty to provide holistic, person-centred care, drawing on competencies in active listening, therapeutic communication, and the helping relationship, to understand the patient's true needs beyond the physical component. This approach makes it possible to individualise the care plan, respect individual values and preferences, and empower the patient and their family for active and informed participation in the therapeutic plan. Through a literature review and analysis of articles, it was possible to identify myths such as the stigmatisation of patients who use opioids, the fear of respiratory depression, the belief that these drugs should be restricted to terminal phases, and the fear that they may accelerate the disease process and death. It is concluded that the presence of these myths constitutes a significant barrier to therapeutic adherence and appropriate prescribing, reinforcing the need for an informed and proactive approach by nurses in the education and demystification of patients, families, and the remaining members of the team.
Abstract : This Final Course Project consists of a narrative review focused on the theme "Myths in the Use of Opioids in Chronic Pain Management in Palliative Care: Nursing Competencies". The main objective is to identify the myths held by health professionals, patients, and their families, analysing the impact of these conceptions on the patient's quality of life, as well as to explore the nurse's competencies in dispelling these myths and in the appropriate management of chronic pain. In palliative care, pain is the most prevalent symptom, and its relief is essential to the promotion of quality of life. This relief is frequently compromised by mistaken ideas regarding opioids, culminating in the undertreatment of pain and an increase in unbearable and avoidable suffering. Chronic pain is inseparable from suffering, the latter being a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses physical, psychological, spiritual, and social dimensions. In this context, the nurse has the ethical and professional duty to provide holistic, person-centred care, drawing on competencies in active listening, therapeutic communication, and the helping relationship, to understand the patient's true needs beyond the physical component. This approach makes it possible to individualise the care plan, respect individual values and preferences, and empower the patient and their family for active and informed participation in the therapeutic plan. Through a literature review and analysis of articles, it was possible to identify myths such as the stigmatisation of patients who use opioids, the fear of respiratory depression, the belief that these drugs should be restricted to terminal phases, and the fear that they may accelerate the disease process and death. It is concluded that the presence of these myths constitutes a significant barrier to therapeutic adherence and appropriate prescribing, reinforcing the need for an informed and proactive approach by nurses in the education and demystification of patients, families, and the remaining members of the team.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mitos, Opioides, Dor crónica, Cuidados paliativos, Competências do enfermeiroo, Myths, Opioids, Chronic pain, Palliative care, Nurse competencies.
Citação
FIGUEIREDO, Fabiana Alexandra Patrício; LUCAS, Jéssica Filipa Esteves (2026) - Mitos no uso de opioides na gestão da dor crónica em cuidados paliativos : competências do enfermeiro. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Enfermagem.