Efeito da hora da hemodiálise na qualidade do sono dos pacientes do serviço de nefrologia
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Data
2026
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Editora
IPCB. ESALD
Resumo
Introdução: A doença renal crónica (DRC) é uma síndrome clínica de elevada prevalência global que compromete severamente a qualidade de vida e o equilíbrio biopsicossocial. Nos estágios avançados, a hemodiálise (HD) constitui a principal terapêutica, contudo, está frequentemente associada a distúrbios do sono, com prevalências reportadas entre 40% a 80%. As alterações metabólicas e a acumulação de toxinas urémicas fragmentam a arquitetura do sono, sendo que o horário das sessões de tratamento pode constituir um fator determinante na desregulação do ritmo circadiano destes doentes.
Objetivo: Analisar o impacto do horário das sessões de hemodiálise na qualidade do sono em doentes com DRC.
Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, analítico e transversal numa amostra de 43 indivíduos (33 doentes em HD e 10 indivíduos no grupo de controlo). Os doentes em HD foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o turno de tratamento: manhã (08h-12h), tarde (14h-18h) e noite (19h-23h). A avaliação foi efetuada através do Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) e um diário de atividade e repouso.
Resultados: Observou-se elevada prevalência de má qualidade do sono em ambos os grupos, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os participantes hemodialisados e o grupo de controlo (p=0,48). No entanto, verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os turnos de hemodiálise relativamente ao score do PSQI (p=0,007), observando-se pior qualidade do sono no turno da noite, sendo a comparação entre o turno da manhã e da noite a única estatisticamente significativa (p=0,006). Relativamente à sonolência diurna excessiva, não se observaram diferenças significativas entre grupos ou turnos (p>0,05), embora o turno noturno apresentasse valores médios superiores da ESS. Verificou-se ainda elevada prevalência de desajuste cronotipo–turno (57,6%), sobretudo nos turnos da tarde e da noite, associada a tendência para pior qualidade do sono.
Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o horário das sessões de hemodiálise e o alinhamento entre o cronotipo e o turno podem influenciar a qualidade do sono dos doentes renais crónicos, verificando-se pior qualidade do sono nos participantes submetidos ao turno da noite. Estes achados reforçam a importância de considerar fatores cronobiológicos na organização dos turnos de hemodiálise, promovendo uma abordagem mais individualizada e mais benéfica para a qualidade de vida destes doentes.
Abstract : Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome worldwide that severely compromises quality of life and biopsychosocial balance. In advanced stages, haemodialysis (HD) represents the main therapeutic approach; however, it is frequently associated with sleep disturbances, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 40% to 80%. Metabolic alterations and the accumulation of uraemic toxins contribute to sleep architecture disruption, while the timing of hemodialysis sessions may play a determining role in circadian rhythm dysregulation in these patients. Objective: To analyse the impact of hemodialysis session timing on sleep quality in patients with CKD. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 43 individuals (33 patients undergoing HD and 10 individuals in the control group). HD patients were divided into three groups according to treatment shift: morning (08:00–12:00), afternoon (14:00–18:00), and evening (19:00–23:00). Assessment was performed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and an activity–rest diary. Results: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality was observed in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between haemodialysis participants and the control group (p=0.48). However, statistically significant differences were found between haemodialysis shifts regarding PSQI scores (p=0.007), with poorer sleep quality observed in participants undergoing evening haemodialysis, and the comparison between morning and evening shifts being the only statistically significant post hoc result (p=0.006). Regarding excessive daytime sleepiness, no significant differences were observed between groups or shifts (p>0.05), although the evening shift presented higher mean ESS scores. A high prevalence of chronotype–shift misalignment (57.6%) was also observed, particularly in the afternoon and evening shifts, and was associated with a tendency towards poorer sleep quality. Conclusion: The results suggest that hemodialysis session timing and chronotype–shift alignment may influence sleep quality in patients with CKD, with poorer sleep quality observed among participants undergoing evening haemodialysis. These findings reinforce the importance of considering chronobiological factors in hemodialysis shift organisation, promoting a more individualised approach and potentially improving patients’ quality of life.
Abstract : Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome worldwide that severely compromises quality of life and biopsychosocial balance. In advanced stages, haemodialysis (HD) represents the main therapeutic approach; however, it is frequently associated with sleep disturbances, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 40% to 80%. Metabolic alterations and the accumulation of uraemic toxins contribute to sleep architecture disruption, while the timing of hemodialysis sessions may play a determining role in circadian rhythm dysregulation in these patients. Objective: To analyse the impact of hemodialysis session timing on sleep quality in patients with CKD. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 43 individuals (33 patients undergoing HD and 10 individuals in the control group). HD patients were divided into three groups according to treatment shift: morning (08:00–12:00), afternoon (14:00–18:00), and evening (19:00–23:00). Assessment was performed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and an activity–rest diary. Results: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality was observed in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between haemodialysis participants and the control group (p=0.48). However, statistically significant differences were found between haemodialysis shifts regarding PSQI scores (p=0.007), with poorer sleep quality observed in participants undergoing evening haemodialysis, and the comparison between morning and evening shifts being the only statistically significant post hoc result (p=0.006). Regarding excessive daytime sleepiness, no significant differences were observed between groups or shifts (p>0.05), although the evening shift presented higher mean ESS scores. A high prevalence of chronotype–shift misalignment (57.6%) was also observed, particularly in the afternoon and evening shifts, and was associated with a tendency towards poorer sleep quality. Conclusion: The results suggest that hemodialysis session timing and chronotype–shift alignment may influence sleep quality in patients with CKD, with poorer sleep quality observed among participants undergoing evening haemodialysis. These findings reinforce the importance of considering chronobiological factors in hemodialysis shift organisation, promoting a more individualised approach and potentially improving patients’ quality of life.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Diálise renal, Qualidade de sono, Cronobiologia, Renal dialysis, Sleep quality, Chronobiology discipline
Citação
FERRÃO, Beatriz Pinto (2026) - Efeito da hora da hemodiálise na qualidade do sono dos pacientes do serviço de nefrologia. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto final de Fisiologia Clínica.