Potenciais relacionados a eventos e qualidade do sono
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Data
2026
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Editora
IPCB. ESALD
Resumo
Introdução: A vida académica no ensino superior caracteriza-se por longos períodos de estudo e avaliações frequentes, favorecendo hábitos de sono inadequados. A restrição do sono, frequentemente na população académica, constitui um importante fator de risco para a saúde física, emocional e cognitiva. O sono é fundamental para a eficiência cerebral, consolidação da memória e manutenção da atenção e aprendizagem. Neste contexto, o potencial evocado cognitivo P300 destaca-se como marcador neurofisiológico.
Objetivo: Estudar a influência da qualidade do sono no marcador neurofisiológico P300 em estudantes do ensino superior.
Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, probabilístico e por conveniência, com estudantes universitários entre os 18 e os 30 anos. O protocolo experimental decorreu em duas condições intraindividuais: uma sessão em condição de sono normal e outra sob restrição de sono. Em ambas as sessões se procedeu à avaliação subjetiva da qualidade do sono e da sonolência diurna através do Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index e da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth. O potencial evocado cognitivo P300 foi registado utilizando o paradigma de Oddball, com elétrodos posicionados segundo o sistema internacional 10-20, com elétrodos ativos em Fz, Cz e Pz, referência em M1 e M2 e terra em Fpz. Foram analisadas as latências e amplitudes do P300, bem como variáveis de desempenho cognitivo, incluindo número de acertos, falsos positivos e tempo de reação.
Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 38 indivíduos, em que 47,4% (n=18) dos participantes são do sexo feminino e 52,6% (n=20) são do sexo masculino. resultados demonstraram que a restrição de sono provocou aumento significativo das pontuações do PSQI e da ESE (ρ<0,0001), acompanhado pela redução da duração média do sono. Verificou-se igualmente um aumento estatisticamente significativo das latências do P300 nos canais Fz, Cz e Pz (ρ<0,0001). Embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas na amplitude do P300 entre condições, verificaram-se associações relevantes entre amplitude, qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna.
Conclusão: A restrição do sono interfere negativamente no funcionamento cognitivo e nos mecanismos da atenção, refletindo-se no aumento da latência do P300, o que reforça a importância da promoção de hábitos de sono saudáveis no contexto académico e sustenta a utilização deste potencial como marcador neurofisiológico sensível na avaliação precoce de alterações cognitivas associadas à restrição do sono.
Abstract : Introduction: Academic life in university is characterized by long study periods and frequent assessments, which can lead to poor sleep habits. Sleep restriction, common among the academic population, constitutes a major risk factor for physical, emotional, and cognitive health. Sleep is essential for brain efficiency, memory consolidation, and the maintenance of attention and learning. In this context, the cognitive evoked potential P300 stands out as a neurophysiological marker. Objective: Study the influence of sleep quality on the neurophysiological marker P300 in university students. Methods: A quantitative, probabilistic, and convenience-based study was conducted with university students aged between 18 and 30 years. The experimental protocol was carried out under two within-subject conditions: one session under normal sleep conditions and another under sleep restriction. In both sessions, subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The cognitive evoked potential P300 was recorded using the Oddball paradigm, with electrodes positioned according to the international 10–20 system, including active electrodes at Fz, Cz, and Pz, references at M1 and M2, and ground at Fpz. P300 latencies and amplitudes were analyzed, as well as cognitive performance variables, including the number of hits, false positives, and reaction time. Results: The sample consisted of 38 individuals, of whom 47.4% (n=18) were female and 52.6% (n=20) were male. The results demonstrated that sleep restriction led to a significant increase in PSQI and ESE scores (ρ<0.0001), accompanied by a reduction in mean sleep duration. A stastically significant increase in P300 latencies was also observed in the Fz, Cz, and Pz channels (ρ<0.0001). Although no significant differences in P300 amplitude were observed between conditions, relevant associations were found between amplitude, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: Sleep restriction negatively affects cognitive functioning and attention mechanisms, as reflected in increased P300 latency, which underscores the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits in academic settings and supports the use of this potential as a sensitive neurophysiological marker in the early assessment of cognitive changes associated with sleep restriction.
Abstract : Introduction: Academic life in university is characterized by long study periods and frequent assessments, which can lead to poor sleep habits. Sleep restriction, common among the academic population, constitutes a major risk factor for physical, emotional, and cognitive health. Sleep is essential for brain efficiency, memory consolidation, and the maintenance of attention and learning. In this context, the cognitive evoked potential P300 stands out as a neurophysiological marker. Objective: Study the influence of sleep quality on the neurophysiological marker P300 in university students. Methods: A quantitative, probabilistic, and convenience-based study was conducted with university students aged between 18 and 30 years. The experimental protocol was carried out under two within-subject conditions: one session under normal sleep conditions and another under sleep restriction. In both sessions, subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The cognitive evoked potential P300 was recorded using the Oddball paradigm, with electrodes positioned according to the international 10–20 system, including active electrodes at Fz, Cz, and Pz, references at M1 and M2, and ground at Fpz. P300 latencies and amplitudes were analyzed, as well as cognitive performance variables, including the number of hits, false positives, and reaction time. Results: The sample consisted of 38 individuals, of whom 47.4% (n=18) were female and 52.6% (n=20) were male. The results demonstrated that sleep restriction led to a significant increase in PSQI and ESE scores (ρ<0.0001), accompanied by a reduction in mean sleep duration. A stastically significant increase in P300 latencies was also observed in the Fz, Cz, and Pz channels (ρ<0.0001). Although no significant differences in P300 amplitude were observed between conditions, relevant associations were found between amplitude, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: Sleep restriction negatively affects cognitive functioning and attention mechanisms, as reflected in increased P300 latency, which underscores the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits in academic settings and supports the use of this potential as a sensitive neurophysiological marker in the early assessment of cognitive changes associated with sleep restriction.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
P300, Qualidade do sono, Cognição, Atenção, Duração do Sono, Sleep Quality, Cognition, Attention, Sleep Duration
Citação
DYACHUK, Cristina (2026) - Potenciais relacionados a eventos e qualidade do sono. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto final de Fisiologia Clínica.