Integração eficiente de comunicação loRaWAN para monitorização e controlo remoto de máquinas industriais
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. EST
Abstract
O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitorização remota utilizando dispositivos de comunicação sem fios através da tecnologia LoRaWAN, com foco em aplicações de Internet das Coisas (IoT). A arquitectura compreende dois dispositivos finais (end devices): um Arduino Uno R3 com sensor GPS NEO-7M e um Arduino Mega 2560 com sensor DHT22. Ambos os microcontroladores têm acoplado o módulo Draguino LoRa Shield v1.4, baseado no chip Semtech SX1276, que permite comunicações em longas distâncias e com baixo consumo de energia. A frequência de operação utilizada foi 868 MHz, conforme a regulamentação europeia, configurada no firmware via biblioteca RadioHead. Foi utilizada como gateway o modelo RAK7289CV2 WisGate Edge Pro, que oferece suporte até 16 canais LoRaWAN, ligação Ethernet, Wi-Fi e LTE, além de funcionalidades como GPS integrado, servidor de rede embarcado e buffer de pacotes. Em relação à comunicação entre os dispositivos finais e a internet foi realizada através da gateway, que envia os dados para a rede The Things Network (TTN), onde os dispositivos foram registados com o método de ativação OTAA (Over The Air Activation), utilizando os identificadores DevEUI, AppEUI e AppKey. Após o processamento e validação dos dados no TTN, os mesmos foram redirecionados para a plataforma ThingSpeak através de um webhook, possibilitando assim, a visualização em tempo real bem como a análise histórica dos dados recolhidos. Por seu lado, o sensor DHT22 apresentou uma boa precisão na leitura dos dados ambientais, enquanto o GPS NEO-7M forneceu coordenadas geográficas também precisas. A integração entre hardware e software ocorreu de forma eficiente, e os testes laboratoriais confirmaram a estabilidade da comunicação dos dados. Os resultados obtidos destacam-se pela simplicidade de implementação, baixo custo, flexibilidade, bem como a possibilidade de escalar e adequado para projetos de monitorização industrial. De igual modo, o uso de tecnologias abertas eamplamente suportadas, como Arduino e LoRaWAN, facilitou o desenvolvimento e integração do sistema. Tendo em conta que este trabalho foi realizado em ambiente laboratorial, recomendamos a sua repetição adotando mecanismos de segurança adicionais (criptografia ponta a ponta), uso de fontes de energia alternativas como painéis solares, integração com plataformas de visualização mais avançadas (ex. Grafana ou Node-RED) e testes em ambientes reais para validação em escala maior. Entretanto, o projeto confirma o potencial do LoRaWAN em soluções IoT de monitorização remota de indústrias com elevada precisão e eficiência energética
Abstract: This work consists of developing a remote monitoring system using wireless communication devices via LoRaWAN, with a focus on Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The structure comprises two end devices: an Arduino Uno R3 with a NEO-7M GPS sensor and an Arduino Mega 2560 with a DHT22 sensor. Both microcontrollers were connected to the Draguino LoRa Shield v1.4 module, based on the Semtech SX1276 chip, which enables communications over long distances and with low power consumption. The operating frequency used was 868 MHz, in accordance with European regulations, configured in the firmware via the RadioHead library. The RAK7289CV2 WisGate Edge Pro model was used as the gateway, which supports up to 16 LoRaWAN channels, Ethernet, Wi-Fi and LTE connections, as well as features such as integrated GPS, an on-board network server and packet buffering Communication between the end devices and the internet is carried out by the gateway, which sent the data to The Things Network (TTN), where the devices were registered with the OTAA (Over The Air Activation) activation method, using the DevEUI, AppEUI and AppKey identifiers. After processing and validating the data on the TTN, it is redirected to the ThingSpeak platform via a webhook, this enabling real time visualisation and historical analysis of the data collected. The DHT22 sensor showed good accuracy in reading environmental data, while the NEO-7M GPS also provided accurate geographical coordinates. The integration between hardware and software was efficient, and laboratory tests confirmed the stability of the data communication. The results obtained stand out for their simplicity of implementation, low cost, flexibility, scalability and suitability for industrial monitoring projects. Likewise, the use of open and widely supported technologies, such as Arduino and LoRaWAN, facilitated the development and integration of the system. Put in mind that this work is carried out in a laboratory environment, we recommend repeating it by adopting additional security mechanisms (end-to-end encryption), using alternative energy sources such as solar panels, integrating with more advanced visualisation platforms (e.g. Grafana or Node-RED) and testing in real environments for validation on a larger scale. In the meantime, the project confirms LoRaWAN's potential in IoT solutions for remote monitoring of industries with high precision and energy efficiency
Abstract: This work consists of developing a remote monitoring system using wireless communication devices via LoRaWAN, with a focus on Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The structure comprises two end devices: an Arduino Uno R3 with a NEO-7M GPS sensor and an Arduino Mega 2560 with a DHT22 sensor. Both microcontrollers were connected to the Draguino LoRa Shield v1.4 module, based on the Semtech SX1276 chip, which enables communications over long distances and with low power consumption. The operating frequency used was 868 MHz, in accordance with European regulations, configured in the firmware via the RadioHead library. The RAK7289CV2 WisGate Edge Pro model was used as the gateway, which supports up to 16 LoRaWAN channels, Ethernet, Wi-Fi and LTE connections, as well as features such as integrated GPS, an on-board network server and packet buffering Communication between the end devices and the internet is carried out by the gateway, which sent the data to The Things Network (TTN), where the devices were registered with the OTAA (Over The Air Activation) activation method, using the DevEUI, AppEUI and AppKey identifiers. After processing and validating the data on the TTN, it is redirected to the ThingSpeak platform via a webhook, this enabling real time visualisation and historical analysis of the data collected. The DHT22 sensor showed good accuracy in reading environmental data, while the NEO-7M GPS also provided accurate geographical coordinates. The integration between hardware and software was efficient, and laboratory tests confirmed the stability of the data communication. The results obtained stand out for their simplicity of implementation, low cost, flexibility, scalability and suitability for industrial monitoring projects. Likewise, the use of open and widely supported technologies, such as Arduino and LoRaWAN, facilitated the development and integration of the system. Put in mind that this work is carried out in a laboratory environment, we recommend repeating it by adopting additional security mechanisms (end-to-end encryption), using alternative energy sources such as solar panels, integrating with more advanced visualisation platforms (e.g. Grafana or Node-RED) and testing in real environments for validation on a larger scale. In the meantime, the project confirms LoRaWAN's potential in IoT solutions for remote monitoring of industries with high precision and energy efficiency
Description
Keywords
LoRaWAN, Monitorização remota, Arduíno, Sensores, (DHT22 e GPS), e The Things Network (TTN), LoRaWAN, Remote monitoring, Sensor`s, s (DHT22 e GPS), and The Things Network (TTN)
Citation
GONÇALVES, Maxime Francisco Andrade (2025) - Integração eficiente de comunicação loRaWAN para monitorização e controlo remoto de máquinas industriais. Castelo Branco : IPCB. EST. 51 p. Relatório do Trabalho de Fim de Curso de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e das Telecomunicações.