Controlo da dor crónica no doente oncológico: vigilância e estratégias
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
A dor crónica é uma das principais preocupações no doente oncológico, sendo um fenómeno complexo que afeta significativamente a qualidade de vida dos doentes. Este trabalho final de curso tem como objetivo analisar as competências da enfermagem na vigilância e controlo da dor crónica em doentes oncológicos, destacando estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas e também perceber a importância da Teoria do Conforto de Katharine Kolcaba na prática de enfermagem.
A metodologia adotada baseou-se numa revisão narrativa da literatura, com consulta de documentos e fontes institucionais reconhecidas. Este trabalho está estruturado em oito capítulos que abrangem temas como a vigilância em saúde, fatores de risco, educação para a saúde, dor oncológica e suas classificações, impacto da dor crónica, escalas de avaliação, estratégias terapêuticas e o papel do enfermeiro.
A dor no doente oncológico pode ter origem nociceptiva, neuropática, mista, disfuncional ou irruptiva, cada uma exigindo abordagens específicas. O impacto da dor ultrapassa a dimensão física, afetando o bem-estar psicológico, social e espiritual, com consequências como ansiedade, depressão, perda de autonomia e isolamento.
A avaliação da dor é uma etapa essencial e deve ser realizada com ferramentas apropriadas como a Escala Numérica, Visual Analógica, Qualitativa e a escala FLACC, adaptadas à condição e capacidades do doente. A escolha da escala correta, o registo contínuo e a reavaliação sistemática são fundamentais para um controlo eficaz da dor.
As estratégias de intervenção incluem medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas. A Escada Analgésica da Organização Mundial de Saúde é uma ferramenta central na orientação da terapêutica medicamentosa.
A Teoria do Conforto de Kolcaba surge como uma mais-valia no cuidado do enfermeiro, ao focar-se no alívio, tranquilidade e transcendência da pessoa em sofrimento, considerando os contextos físico, psicoespiritual, ambiental e social. Esta teoria permite planear intervenções de enfermagem centradas na promoção do conforto como componente essencial no alívio da dor.
Em conclusão, a dor crónica no doente oncológico requer uma abordagem holística, sistemática e humanizada, onde o enfermeiro desempenha um papel fulcral na vigilância, avaliação e intervenção. A integração de modelos teóricos como o de Kolcaba reforça a prática baseada na evidência, promove o conforto e contribui para a melhoria significativa da qualidade de vida da pessoa com doença oncológica.
Abstract : Chronic pain is one of the main concerns of cancer patients and is a complex phenomenon that significantly affects their quality of life. The aim of this final course work is to analyse nursing skills in the monitoring and control of chronic pain in cancer patients, highlighting pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies and also to understand the importance of Katharine Kolcaba's Comfort Theory in nursing practice. The methodology adopted was based on a narrative literature review, consulting documents and recognised institutional sources. This work is structured into eight chapters covering topics such as health surveillance, risk factors, health education, cancer pain and its classifications, the impact of chronic pain, assessment scales, therapeutic strategies and the role of nurses. Pain in cancer patients can be nociceptive, neuropathic, mixed, dysfunctional or irruptive, each requiring specific approaches. The impact of pain goes beyond the physical dimension, affecting psychological, social and spiritual well-being, with consequences such as anxiety, depression, loss of autonomy and isolation. Pain assessment is an essential stage and should be carried out using appropriate tools such as the Numeric, Visual Analogue, Qualitative and FLACC scales, adapted to the patient's condition and abilities. Choosing the right scale, continuous recording and systematic reassessment are essential for effective pain control. Intervention strategies include pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. The World Health Organisation's Analgesic Ladder is a central tool in guiding drug therapy. Kolcaba's Comfort Theory is an asset in nursing care, as it focuses on the relief, tranquillity and transcendence of the suffering person, considering the physical, psychospiritual, environmental and social contexts. This theory makes it possible to plan nursing interventions centred on promoting comfort as an essential component of pain relief. In conclusion, chronic pain in cancer patients requires a holistic, systematic and humanised approach, where nurses play a key role in monitoring, assessing and intervening. The integration of theoretical models such as Kolcaba's reinforces evidence-based practice, promotes comfort and contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of life of people with cancer.
Abstract : Chronic pain is one of the main concerns of cancer patients and is a complex phenomenon that significantly affects their quality of life. The aim of this final course work is to analyse nursing skills in the monitoring and control of chronic pain in cancer patients, highlighting pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies and also to understand the importance of Katharine Kolcaba's Comfort Theory in nursing practice. The methodology adopted was based on a narrative literature review, consulting documents and recognised institutional sources. This work is structured into eight chapters covering topics such as health surveillance, risk factors, health education, cancer pain and its classifications, the impact of chronic pain, assessment scales, therapeutic strategies and the role of nurses. Pain in cancer patients can be nociceptive, neuropathic, mixed, dysfunctional or irruptive, each requiring specific approaches. The impact of pain goes beyond the physical dimension, affecting psychological, social and spiritual well-being, with consequences such as anxiety, depression, loss of autonomy and isolation. Pain assessment is an essential stage and should be carried out using appropriate tools such as the Numeric, Visual Analogue, Qualitative and FLACC scales, adapted to the patient's condition and abilities. Choosing the right scale, continuous recording and systematic reassessment are essential for effective pain control. Intervention strategies include pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. The World Health Organisation's Analgesic Ladder is a central tool in guiding drug therapy. Kolcaba's Comfort Theory is an asset in nursing care, as it focuses on the relief, tranquillity and transcendence of the suffering person, considering the physical, psychospiritual, environmental and social contexts. This theory makes it possible to plan nursing interventions centred on promoting comfort as an essential component of pain relief. In conclusion, chronic pain in cancer patients requires a holistic, systematic and humanised approach, where nurses play a key role in monitoring, assessing and intervening. The integration of theoretical models such as Kolcaba's reinforces evidence-based practice, promotes comfort and contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of life of people with cancer.
Description
Keywords
Vigilância em saúde, Dor crónica, Doente oncológico, Controlo da dor, Teoria de conforto, Health surveillance, Chronic pain, Oncological patient, Pain control, Comfort theory
Citation
SUSANA, Catarina Santos ; ALBINO, Ema Bianca Brito ; OLIVEIRA, Maria João Esteves (2025) - Controlo da dor crónica no doente oncológico : vigilância e estratégias. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Enfermagem.