Influência das fases do sono NREM e REM na apneia do sono central
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
A apneia central do sono (ACS) é um distúrbio respiratório do sono complexo, caracterizado pela diminuição ou interrupção transitória do fluxo aéreo, associado ao esforço ventilatório reduzido ou ausente. Esta condição pode levar à indução de hipoxemia, reoxigenação e despertares que fragmentam o sono, levando a consequências cardiovasculares, nomeadamente disfunção ventricular esquerda e agravamento da insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Estudos indicam que a fisiopatologia da ACS se baseia na instabilidade do controlo ventilatório, especialmente durante a fase do sono Non-Rapid eye movement (NREM) e na fase do sono Rapid eye movement (REM) verifica-se uma diminuição da quimiossensibilidade que parece ter um efeito protetor contra o aparecimento da ACS nesta fase.
A recolha da amostra foi feita através da base de dados de 2019 a 2023, de exames polissonográficos previamente realizados, do laboratório de sono da Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) Médio Tejo. A amostra é maioritariamente do sexo masculino (n=38; 64,4%), com a faixa etária mais prevalente entre os 59 a 68 anos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a fase NREM está consistentemente associada a uma maior frequência e gravidade de eventos de apneia central em comparação com a fase do sono REM.
A evidência de que a apneia central do sono ocorre com maior frequência durante o sono NREM pode ser uma ferramenta complementar na avaliação dos distúrbios respiratórios mistos. A identificação de uma distribuição desproporcional de eventos centrais no sono NREM, em comparação com o REM, pode oferecer um critério adicional na diferenciação fenotípica destes distúrbios e na escolha do modo ventilatório terapêutico mais adequado. Esta abordagem centrada na análise da arquitetura do sono e na tipologia dos eventos respiratórios representa um passo importante na personalização da terapêutica e na melhoria dos resultados clínicos dos doentes com distúrbios respiratórios complexos do sono.
Abstract: Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a complex slee-related breathing disorder characterized by a transiente reduction or cessation of airflow, associated with decreased or absent ventilatory effort. This condition can lead to hypoxemia, reoxygenation, and arousals that fragment sleep, resulting in cardiovascular consequences, including left ventricular dysfunction and worsening of heart failure. Studies suggest that the pathophysiology of CSA is primarily based on ventilatory control instability, especially during the Non-Rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep phase. In contrast, the Rapid eye movement (REM) phase is marked by a decrease in chemosensitivity, which appears as a protective effect against the occurrence of CSA. Data were collected from a database of polysomnographic studies previous performed between 2019 and 2023 at the sleep laboratory of Unidade Local de Saúde Médio Tejo. The sample consisted predominantly of male participants (n=38; 64,4%) and the most prevalente age group was between 59 and 68 years. The results demonstrated that the NREM sleep phase was consistently associated with a higher frequency and severity of CSA events compared to the REM phase. The evidence that CSA occurs more frequently during NREM sleep may serve as a complementary tool in the evaluation of mixed respiratory sleep disorders. Identifying a disproportionate distribution of central events during NREM sleep, as opposed to REM, may offer an additional criterion for phenotypic differentiation of these disorders and aid in selecting the most appropriate ventilatory treatment. This approach centered on sleep architecture analysis and the typology of respiratory events represents an important step toward the personalization of therapy and the improvement of clinical outcomes in patients with complex sleep-disordered breathing.
Abstract: Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a complex slee-related breathing disorder characterized by a transiente reduction or cessation of airflow, associated with decreased or absent ventilatory effort. This condition can lead to hypoxemia, reoxygenation, and arousals that fragment sleep, resulting in cardiovascular consequences, including left ventricular dysfunction and worsening of heart failure. Studies suggest that the pathophysiology of CSA is primarily based on ventilatory control instability, especially during the Non-Rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep phase. In contrast, the Rapid eye movement (REM) phase is marked by a decrease in chemosensitivity, which appears as a protective effect against the occurrence of CSA. Data were collected from a database of polysomnographic studies previous performed between 2019 and 2023 at the sleep laboratory of Unidade Local de Saúde Médio Tejo. The sample consisted predominantly of male participants (n=38; 64,4%) and the most prevalente age group was between 59 and 68 years. The results demonstrated that the NREM sleep phase was consistently associated with a higher frequency and severity of CSA events compared to the REM phase. The evidence that CSA occurs more frequently during NREM sleep may serve as a complementary tool in the evaluation of mixed respiratory sleep disorders. Identifying a disproportionate distribution of central events during NREM sleep, as opposed to REM, may offer an additional criterion for phenotypic differentiation of these disorders and aid in selecting the most appropriate ventilatory treatment. This approach centered on sleep architecture analysis and the typology of respiratory events represents an important step toward the personalization of therapy and the improvement of clinical outcomes in patients with complex sleep-disordered breathing.
Description
Keywords
Apneia do sono central, Sono de ondas lentas, Polissonografia, Sono REM, Central sleep apnea, Polysomnography, REM sleep, Sleep, Slow-Wave
Citation
ALVES, Bruna Eduarda Vieira (2025) - Influência das fases do sono NREM e REM na apneia do sono central. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Fisiologia Clínica.