Radioterapia pediátrica no tumor de Wilms: revisão sistemática da literatura
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: O Tumor de Wilms (TW) é a neoplasia renal maligna mais frequente em idade pediátrica, com elevada taxa de sobrevivência global, graças a estratégias terapêuticas multimodais que incluem cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia (RT). Este estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar, de forma sistemática, a eficácia e segurança de diferentes técnicas de RT utilizadas no tratamento do TW pediátrico, com foco na toxicidade, preservação dos órgãos adjacentes e impacto na qualidade de vida.
Metodologia do estudo: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com base na metodologia PRISMA, abrangendo publicações entre 2010 e 2025 nas bases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) e National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram analisados 48 estudos que abordavam dados clínicos, dosimétricos e recomendações técnicas sobre as técnicas 3DCRT, IMRT, terapia com protões e terapia com iões de carbono.
Apresentação e Discussão de Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que as técnicas IMRT e com protões apresentam vantagens significativas em relação à 3DCRT, nomeadamente maior conformação da dose ao volume-alvo, melhor proteção dos órgãos em risco e redução das toxicidades agudas e tardias. A terapia com protões destaca-se pela sua capacidade de minimizar a dose nos tecidos saudáveis através do pico de Bragg. Já a terapia com iões de carbono, embora promissora, encontra-se ainda limitada por fatores tecnológicos e pela escassez de dados clínicos robustos.
Conclusão: Foi possível demonstrar que existe maior eficácia clínica das técnicas modernas, menor toxicidade com protões e benefício da IGRT. Por outro lado, a melhoria nas taxas de sobrevivência global não foi validada, enquanto a melhoria na qualidade de vida foi corroborada pela literatura. Apesar dos benefícios observados, a adoção destas técnicas ainda enfrenta barreiras económicas, infraestruturais e de formação especializada, sendo fundamental promover o acesso equitativo e desenvolver ensaios clínicos dedicados, de forma a otimizar os resultados na população pediátrica oncológica. Porém, são necessários estudos adicionais que permitam consolidar e aprofundar a evidência científica nesta temática.
Abstract: Introduction: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common malignant renal neoplasm in children, with a high overall survival rate thanks to multimodal therapeutic strategies that include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). The main objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different RT techniques used in the treatment of pediatric WT, focusing on toxicity, preservation of adjacent organs and impact on quality of life. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, based on the PRISMA methodology, covering publications between 2010 and 2025 in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 studies were analyzed that addressed clinical and dosimetric data and technical recommendations on 3DCRT, IMRT, proton therapy and carbon ion therapy techniques. Results: The results demonstrate that IMRT and proton techniques have significant advantages over 3DCRT, namely greater dose conformation to the target volume, better protection of organs at risk, and reduced acute and late toxicities. Proton therapy stands out for its ability to minimize the dose to healthy tissues through the Bragg peak. Carbon ion therapy, although promising, is still limited by technological factors and a lack of robust clinical data. Conclusion: It was possible to demonstrate that there is greater clinical efficacy of modern techniques, lower toxicity with protons, and benefits of IGRT. On the other hand, the improvement in overall survival rates was not validated, while the improvement in quality of life was corroborated by the literature. Despite the observed benefits, the adoption of these techniques still faces economic, infrastructural, and specialized training barriers, making it essential to promote equitable access and develop dedicated clinical trials to optimize results in the pediatric oncology population. However, further studies are needed to consolidate and deepen scientific evidence on this topic.
Abstract: Introduction: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common malignant renal neoplasm in children, with a high overall survival rate thanks to multimodal therapeutic strategies that include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). The main objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different RT techniques used in the treatment of pediatric WT, focusing on toxicity, preservation of adjacent organs and impact on quality of life. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, based on the PRISMA methodology, covering publications between 2010 and 2025 in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 studies were analyzed that addressed clinical and dosimetric data and technical recommendations on 3DCRT, IMRT, proton therapy and carbon ion therapy techniques. Results: The results demonstrate that IMRT and proton techniques have significant advantages over 3DCRT, namely greater dose conformation to the target volume, better protection of organs at risk, and reduced acute and late toxicities. Proton therapy stands out for its ability to minimize the dose to healthy tissues through the Bragg peak. Carbon ion therapy, although promising, is still limited by technological factors and a lack of robust clinical data. Conclusion: It was possible to demonstrate that there is greater clinical efficacy of modern techniques, lower toxicity with protons, and benefits of IGRT. On the other hand, the improvement in overall survival rates was not validated, while the improvement in quality of life was corroborated by the literature. Despite the observed benefits, the adoption of these techniques still faces economic, infrastructural, and specialized training barriers, making it essential to promote equitable access and develop dedicated clinical trials to optimize results in the pediatric oncology population. However, further studies are needed to consolidate and deepen scientific evidence on this topic.
Description
Keywords
Tumor de Wilms, Pediatria, Radioterapia conformacional, Radioterapia com iões pesados, Radioterapia de intensidade modulada, Wilms' tumor, Pediatrics, Conformal radiotherapy Heavy-ion radiotherapy, Intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Citation
MATEUS, António Filipe Dias (2025) - Radioterapia pediátrica no tumor de Wilms: revisão sistemática da literatura. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia.