ECHO, CT, MRI, SPECT ou PET na avaliação de doença arterial coronária pré-cateterismo: revisão sistemática da literatura
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: A Doença Arterial Coronária (DAC), uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade mundial, apresenta elevada prevalência na população adulta. O desenvolvimento e aplicação das técnicas de imagem não invasivas otimizam o diagnóstico, a estratificação de risco e a tomada de decisão clínica. Estas técnicas são mais relevantes no contexto pré -cateterismo, permitindo uma avaliação o mais precisa do DAC, reduzindo a necessidade de procedimentos invasivos desnecessários e orientam eficazmente a estratégia terapêutica. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar o papel da ECHO, CT, MRI, PET e SPECT no diagnóstico de doentes com suspeita de DAC pré-cateterismo. Metodologia: Revisa o sistema tica da literatura, estudo na o experimental, recorrendo a s plataformas PubMed, Science Direct e Google Scholar, utilizando os termos “Echocardiogram” (ECHO), “Computed Tommography” (CT), “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” (MRI), “Positron Emission Tomography” (PET), “Single-Photon Emission Tomography” (SPECT), “CAD”, “pré-cateterismo”, “sensibilidade” e “especificidade”, com operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”, para estruturar a lógica booleana da pesquisa. Da triagem inicial de 16,219 registos, 1,115 foram analisados, cumprindo 34 os critérios de inclusa o, nomeadamente: idioma (inglês s, espanhol, português s), full text; período (2010-2025), estudos clínicos randomizados, prospetivos/retrospetivos, revisões sistemáticas e meta-analises; populaça o adulta com suspeita ou diagnóstico de DAC em contexto pré -cateterismo; aplicação o de técnicas de imagem na o invasivas. Excluíram-se artigos duplicados e que na o abordassem a tema tica. Resultados: A PET apresenta valores superiores de sensibilidade (até 92%) e especificidade (até 97%), seguida da MRI (sensibilidade 89%, especificidade 94%) e da CT (sensibilidade 93,5%, especificidade 83,4%), para além de valores preditivos positivos e negativos com valores muito elevados, entre os 80% e os 100% A SPECT revelou menor sensibilidade (70-85%) e especificidade (75-90%). Conclusão: No diagnóstico de doentes com suspeita de DAC a seleção da técnica depende do quadro clínico e, avaliação tecno-económico, pois cada uma apresenta vantagens e limitações diferentes. Concluiu-se que a PET revelou maior sensibilidade, especificidade e resolução de imagem; a MRI apresenta uma especificidade semelhante à PET e permite avaliar a função ventricular; a CT revela maior eficácia na exclusão de doença em doentes de baixo a médio risco, um elevado valor preditivo negativo e positivo, é um exame mais comodo para o doente e fornece informação complementar de elevada resolução espacial; a ECHO é de rápida execução pelo que se torna vantajosa no contexto de urgência e possui elevada precisão diagnóstica; a SPECT permite orientações para decisões clinicas graças aos valores de prognóstico elevado; as técnicas híbridas PET/CT e PET/MRI revelaram-se mais completas do que estas técnicas isoladamente, apresentando maior precisão diagnóstica e utilidade clínica, pelo que são as mais recomendadas.
Abstract: Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, has a high prevalence in the adult population. The development and application of non-invasive imaging techniques optimize diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical decision-making. These techniques are particularly relevant in the pre-catheterization context, allowing for a more accurate assessment of CAD, reducing the need for unnecessary invasive procedures, and effectively guiding therapeutic strategies. Objective: To evaluate and compare the role of ECHO, CT, MRI, PET, and SPECT in diagnosing patients with suspected CAD prior to catheterization. Methodology: A systematic literature review, non-experimental study, utilizing PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The search used the terms “Echocardiogram” (ECHO), “Computed Tomography” (CT), “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” (MRI), “Positron Emission Tomography” (PET), “Single-Photon Emission Tomography” (SPECT), “CAD,” “pre catheterization,” “sensitivity,” and “specificity,” with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” to structure the search logic. From an initial screening of 16,219 records, 1,115 were analyzed, with 34 meeting the inclusion criteria: language (English, Spanish, Portuguese), full text, publication period (2010–2025), randomized clinical trials, prospective/retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses; adult population with suspected or diagnosed CAD in a pre-catheterization context; and application of non-invasive imaging techniques. Duplicate articles and studies not addressing the topic were excluded. Results: PET demonstrated the highest sensitivity (up to 92%) and specificity (up to 97%), followed by MRI (sensitivity 89%, specificity 94%) and CT (sensitivity 93.5%, specificity 83.4%) in addition to very high positive and negative predictive values, ranging between 80% and 100%. SPECT showed lower sensitivity (70–85%) and specificity (7590%). Conclusion: In diagnosing patients with suspected CAD, the selection of imaging technique depends on the clinical presentation and techno-economic assessment, as each modality presents different advantages and limitations. PET demonstrated the highest sensitivity, specificity, and image resolution; MRI provides specificity comparable to PET and allows for ventricular function assessment; CT is highly effective in ruling out disease in low- to intermediate-risk patients and offers high negative and positive predictive values, is more comfortable for patients, and provides complementary high-resolution spatial information; ECHO is rapidly performed, making it advantageous in emergency settings and offers high diagnostic accuracy; SPECT provides valuable prognostic information for clinical decision making. Hybrid techniques such as PET/CT and PET/MRI proved more comprehensive than isolated modalities, offering greater diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility, and are therefore the most recommended.
Abstract: Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, has a high prevalence in the adult population. The development and application of non-invasive imaging techniques optimize diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical decision-making. These techniques are particularly relevant in the pre-catheterization context, allowing for a more accurate assessment of CAD, reducing the need for unnecessary invasive procedures, and effectively guiding therapeutic strategies. Objective: To evaluate and compare the role of ECHO, CT, MRI, PET, and SPECT in diagnosing patients with suspected CAD prior to catheterization. Methodology: A systematic literature review, non-experimental study, utilizing PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The search used the terms “Echocardiogram” (ECHO), “Computed Tomography” (CT), “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” (MRI), “Positron Emission Tomography” (PET), “Single-Photon Emission Tomography” (SPECT), “CAD,” “pre catheterization,” “sensitivity,” and “specificity,” with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” to structure the search logic. From an initial screening of 16,219 records, 1,115 were analyzed, with 34 meeting the inclusion criteria: language (English, Spanish, Portuguese), full text, publication period (2010–2025), randomized clinical trials, prospective/retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses; adult population with suspected or diagnosed CAD in a pre-catheterization context; and application of non-invasive imaging techniques. Duplicate articles and studies not addressing the topic were excluded. Results: PET demonstrated the highest sensitivity (up to 92%) and specificity (up to 97%), followed by MRI (sensitivity 89%, specificity 94%) and CT (sensitivity 93.5%, specificity 83.4%) in addition to very high positive and negative predictive values, ranging between 80% and 100%. SPECT showed lower sensitivity (70–85%) and specificity (7590%). Conclusion: In diagnosing patients with suspected CAD, the selection of imaging technique depends on the clinical presentation and techno-economic assessment, as each modality presents different advantages and limitations. PET demonstrated the highest sensitivity, specificity, and image resolution; MRI provides specificity comparable to PET and allows for ventricular function assessment; CT is highly effective in ruling out disease in low- to intermediate-risk patients and offers high negative and positive predictive values, is more comfortable for patients, and provides complementary high-resolution spatial information; ECHO is rapidly performed, making it advantageous in emergency settings and offers high diagnostic accuracy; SPECT provides valuable prognostic information for clinical decision making. Hybrid techniques such as PET/CT and PET/MRI proved more comprehensive than isolated modalities, offering greater diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility, and are therefore the most recommended.
Description
Keywords
Ecocardiograma, Tomografia computorizada, Ressonância magnética Tomografia computorizada com emissão de fotão único, Tomografia com emissão de positrões, Doença arterial coronária, Cateterismo cardíaco, Echocardiography, Computed tomography, Single-photon, Emission computed tomography, Positron emission tomography, Coronary artery disease, Cardiac catheterization
Citation
RODRIGUES, Beatriz Rilo (2025) - ECHO, CT, MRI, SPECT ou PET na avaliação de doença arterial coronária pré-cateterismo: revisão sistemática da literatura. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia.