A adequação da prescrição dos exames imagiológicos no diagnóstico e avaliação da oncologia pediátrica: revisão sistemática da literatura
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: A Oncologia Pediátrica (OP) afeta milhares de crianças em todo o mundo. Apesar dos avanços significativos no diagnóstico e tratamento do cancro em crianças, este continua a ser uma das principais causas de mortalidade infantil. A Radiologia assume um papel fundamental no diagnóstico precoce e na monitorização da evolução da doença. No entanto, há necessidade de explorar e entender melhor o papel de cada técnica de imagem, os seus desafios, qualidade de imagem para que haja interpretação adequada do exame e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida atual e futura das crianças afetadas pelo cancro. Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar a relevância das técnicas de imagem no diagnóstico, estadiamento e seguimento da OP. Metodologia: Este artigo consiste numa revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo por base um estudo descritivo-correlacional. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi efetuada predominantemente nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct e Scholar Google, selecionando-se artigos entre os anos 2010 e 2025 e utilizando a lógica booleana: (Pediatric Oncology) “AND” (Conventional Radiology “OR” X-Ray) “AND” (Ultrasound “OR” Sonography) “AND” (Computed Tomography “OR” CT) “AND” (Magnetic Resonance Imaging “OR” MRI), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Imaging Guidelines “OR” Clinical Protocols) “AND” (Radiology), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Radiological Protection “OR” Radiation Safety “OR” Dose Optimization), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Cumulative Radiation Dose “OR” Ionizing Radiation) “AND” (Follow-up “OR” Surveillance). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram nomeadas 31 referências. Resultados: As técnicas de imagem desempenham um papel essencial na OP, sendo fundamentais para o diagnóstico, estadiamento, monitorização da resposta ao tratamento e vigilância de recidivas. A seleção da técnica imagiológica deve ser a mais adequada, considerando a radiossensibilidade das crianças e privilegiando, sempre que possível, o recurso a técnicas não ionizantes. No caso em que o uso de Radiação Ionizante (RI) seja inevitável, os protocolos devem ser adaptados, de modo a minimizar a dose e reduzir o risco de efeitos tardios. Importa ainda destacar a relevância de estratégias que promovam a cooperação e reduzam a ansiedade das crianças durante a realização dos exames, evitando momentos que possam prejudicar a qualidade das imagens e conduzam à necessidade de repetições desnecessárias. Conclusão: A radiologia assume um papel fulcral não apenas na deteção e avaliação do cancro pediátrico, mas também na promoção de melhores resultados clínicos e na melhoria da qualidade de vida das crianças afetadas.
Abstract : Introduction: Pediatric Oncology affects thousands of children worldwide. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in children, it remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality. Radiology plays a key role in early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, there is a need to explore and better understand the role of each imaging technique, its challenges, and image quality so that the exam can be properly interpreted and its impact on the current and future quality of life of children affected by cancer can be assessed. Objective: The main objective of this article is to analyse the relevance of imaging techniques in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of pediatric oncology. Methodology: This article consists of a systematic review of the literature, based on a descriptive-correlational study. The bibliographic search was carried out predominantly in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, selecting articles between 2010 and 2025 and using Boolean logic: (Pediatric Oncology) “AND” (Conventional Radiology “OR” X-Ray) “AND” (Ultrasound “OR” Sonography) “AND” (Computed Tomography “OR” CT) “AND” (Magnetic Resonance Imaging “OR” MRI), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Imaging Guidelines “OR” Clinical Protocols) “AND” (Radiology), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Radiological Protection “OR” Radiation Safety “OR” Dose Optimization), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Cumulative Radiation Dose “OR” Ionizing Radiation) “AND” (Follow-up “OR” Surveillance).After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 references were named. Results: Imaging techniques play an essential role in pediatric oncology, being fundamental for diagnosis, staging, monitoring treatment response, and surveillance of recurrences. The imaging technique selected should be the most appropriate, considering the radiosensitivity of children and favoring, whenever possible, the use of non-ionizing techniques. In cases where the use of ionizing radiation is unavoidable, protocols should be adapted to minimise the dose and reduce the risk of late effects. It is also important to highlight the relevance of strategies that promote cooperation and reduce children's anxiety during examinations, avoiding moments that may impair image quality and lead to unnecessary repetitions. Conclusion: Radiology plays a key role not only in the detection and evaluation of pediatric cancer, but also in promoting better clinical outcomes and improving the quality of life of affected children.
Abstract : Introduction: Pediatric Oncology affects thousands of children worldwide. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in children, it remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality. Radiology plays a key role in early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, there is a need to explore and better understand the role of each imaging technique, its challenges, and image quality so that the exam can be properly interpreted and its impact on the current and future quality of life of children affected by cancer can be assessed. Objective: The main objective of this article is to analyse the relevance of imaging techniques in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of pediatric oncology. Methodology: This article consists of a systematic review of the literature, based on a descriptive-correlational study. The bibliographic search was carried out predominantly in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, selecting articles between 2010 and 2025 and using Boolean logic: (Pediatric Oncology) “AND” (Conventional Radiology “OR” X-Ray) “AND” (Ultrasound “OR” Sonography) “AND” (Computed Tomography “OR” CT) “AND” (Magnetic Resonance Imaging “OR” MRI), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Imaging Guidelines “OR” Clinical Protocols) “AND” (Radiology), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Radiological Protection “OR” Radiation Safety “OR” Dose Optimization), (Pediatric “AND” Oncology) “AND” (Cumulative Radiation Dose “OR” Ionizing Radiation) “AND” (Follow-up “OR” Surveillance).After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 references were named. Results: Imaging techniques play an essential role in pediatric oncology, being fundamental for diagnosis, staging, monitoring treatment response, and surveillance of recurrences. The imaging technique selected should be the most appropriate, considering the radiosensitivity of children and favoring, whenever possible, the use of non-ionizing techniques. In cases where the use of ionizing radiation is unavoidable, protocols should be adapted to minimise the dose and reduce the risk of late effects. It is also important to highlight the relevance of strategies that promote cooperation and reduce children's anxiety during examinations, avoiding moments that may impair image quality and lead to unnecessary repetitions. Conclusion: Radiology plays a key role not only in the detection and evaluation of pediatric cancer, but also in promoting better clinical outcomes and improving the quality of life of affected children.
Description
Keywords
Pediatria: Oncologia, Radiologia, Diagnóstico por imagem, Proteção radiológica, Pediatrics, Oncology, Radiology, Diagnostic imaging, Radiological protection
Citation
FERNANDES, Joana Rita Gonçalves (2025) - A adequação da prescrição dos exames imagiológicos no diagnóstico e avaliação da oncologia pediátrica: revisão sistemática da literatura. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia.