Implicações da automatização do cálculo dosimétrico em radioterapia: revisão sistemática da literatura
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: A automatização tem assumido um papel cada vez mais relevante na radioterapia, especialmente no cálculo dosimétrico, um processo essencial para garantir a precisa o e a eficácia do tratamento. A radioterapia (RT), enquanto modalidade terapêutica fundamental no controlo de tumores, depende fortemente da exatidão na distribuição da dose de radiação. Normalmente o cálculo dosimétrico e realizado de forma manual, estando sujeito a variações interobservadores (IOV). Contudo, com o avanço tecnológico e a integração de sistemas automatizados e de inteligência artificial (IA), Machine Learning, Knowledge-Based Planning (KBP) e Multi-Criteria Optimization (MCO) em sistemas como o RayStation® e o Eclipse® permite a elaboração de planos mais rápidos e de qualidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as implicações da automatização no cálculo dosimétrico em radioterapia.
Metodologia: Este trabalho consiste numa Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, com base na metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). No desenvolvimento deste estudo de investigação o foram utilizados artigos de diferentes bases de dados científicas, motores de busca e bibliotecas eletrónicas, como a tipsRO, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science e IEEE Xplore e B-On, onde foi definido um espaço temporal entre 2010 e 2025. Recorreu-se a lógica booleana, combinando as seguintes expressões booleanas: (Automation) AND (Radiotherapy); (Automation) AND (Dosimetry) AND (Radiotherapy); (Dosimetry) AND (Radiotherapy); (Implications) AND (Automation) AND (Radiotherapy); (Process optimization) AND (Radiotherapy). Com aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão obtiveram-se 29 referências bibliográficas.
Apresentação e discussão dos resultados: A análise revelou que a automatização melhora significativamente a eficiência e a precisão do planeamento dosimétrico, reduzindo o tempo de elaboração e a IOV. Os planos automatizados apresentam qualidade comparável ou superior aos planos manuais, com melhor cobertura tumoral e menor dose nos órgãos de risco. Porém, a automatização e especialmente vantajosa em técnicas complexas, como IMRT e VMAT, promovendo uma distribuição de dose mais homogénea e segura. Contudo, surgem preocupações em relação a diminuição da autonomia profissional e a dependência tecnológica.
Considerações finais: A automatização do cálculo dosimétrico representa um marco na evolução da radioterapia, proporcionando ganhos em precisa o, eficiência e reprodutibilidade dos planos de tratamento. A incorporação de sistemas como o RayStation® e o Eclipse®, contribui para melhoria na qualidade dos planos dosimétricos, mas exige supervisão profissional rigorosa e validação contínua dos algoritmos. Automatização o deve ser uma ferramenta de apoio e na o um substituto dos recursos humanos.
Abstract : Introduction: Automation has taken on an increasingly relevant role in radiotherapy, particularly in dosimetric calculation, a process essential to ensuring treatment accuracy and efficacy. Radiotherapy (RT), as a fundamental therapeutic modality in tumor control, relies heavily on the precision of radiation dose distribution. Traditionally, dosimetric calculations are performed manually and are therefore subject to inter-observer variability (IOV). However, with technological advancements and the integration of automated systems and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Knowledge-Based Planning (KBP), and Multi-Criteria Optimization (MCO) in systems such as RayStation® and Eclipse®, it has become possible to develop faster and higher-quality treatment plans. This study aims to analyze the implications of automation in dosimetric calculation within radiotherapy. Methodology: This work consists of a Systematic Literature Review, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. The research was conducted using scientific databases, search engines, and electronic libraries, including tipsRO, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and B-On, covering the period between 2010 and 2025. Boolean logic was applied, combining the following search expressions: (Automation) AND (Radiotherapy); (Automation) AND (Dosimetry) AND (Radiotherapy); (Dosimetry) AND (Radiotherapy); (Implications) AND (Automation) AND (Radiotherapy); (Process optimization) AND (Radiotherapy). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 bibliographic references were selected. Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that automation significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of dosimetric planning, reducing both planning time and inter-observer variability. Automated plans demonstrate quality comparable to or superior to manual plans, offering improved tumor coverage and lower doses to organs at risk. Automation was particularly advantageous in complex techniques such as IMRT and VMAT, promoting a more homogeneous and safer dose distribution. However, concerns remain regarding reduced professional autonomy and increased technological dependence. Conclusions: The automation of dosimetric calculation represents a milestone in the evolution of radiotherapy, providing notable gains in precision, efficiency, and reproducibility of treatment plans. The integration of systems such as RayStation® and Eclipse® contributes to the enhancement of dosimetric plan quality but requires rigorous professional oversight and continuous algorithm validation. Automation should be regarded as a supportive tool rather than a substitute for human expertise.
Abstract : Introduction: Automation has taken on an increasingly relevant role in radiotherapy, particularly in dosimetric calculation, a process essential to ensuring treatment accuracy and efficacy. Radiotherapy (RT), as a fundamental therapeutic modality in tumor control, relies heavily on the precision of radiation dose distribution. Traditionally, dosimetric calculations are performed manually and are therefore subject to inter-observer variability (IOV). However, with technological advancements and the integration of automated systems and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Knowledge-Based Planning (KBP), and Multi-Criteria Optimization (MCO) in systems such as RayStation® and Eclipse®, it has become possible to develop faster and higher-quality treatment plans. This study aims to analyze the implications of automation in dosimetric calculation within radiotherapy. Methodology: This work consists of a Systematic Literature Review, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. The research was conducted using scientific databases, search engines, and electronic libraries, including tipsRO, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and B-On, covering the period between 2010 and 2025. Boolean logic was applied, combining the following search expressions: (Automation) AND (Radiotherapy); (Automation) AND (Dosimetry) AND (Radiotherapy); (Dosimetry) AND (Radiotherapy); (Implications) AND (Automation) AND (Radiotherapy); (Process optimization) AND (Radiotherapy). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 bibliographic references were selected. Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that automation significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of dosimetric planning, reducing both planning time and inter-observer variability. Automated plans demonstrate quality comparable to or superior to manual plans, offering improved tumor coverage and lower doses to organs at risk. Automation was particularly advantageous in complex techniques such as IMRT and VMAT, promoting a more homogeneous and safer dose distribution. However, concerns remain regarding reduced professional autonomy and increased technological dependence. Conclusions: The automation of dosimetric calculation represents a milestone in the evolution of radiotherapy, providing notable gains in precision, efficiency, and reproducibility of treatment plans. The integration of systems such as RayStation® and Eclipse® contributes to the enhancement of dosimetric plan quality but requires rigorous professional oversight and continuous algorithm validation. Automation should be regarded as a supportive tool rather than a substitute for human expertise.
Description
Keywords
Automatização, Cálculos dosimétricos, Dosimetria, Otimização de processos, Radioterapia, Automation, Dosimetry, Dosimetry calculations, Process optimization, Radiotherapy
Citation
PEREIRA, Maria Marli Gomes (2025) - Implicações da automatização do cálculo dosimétrico em radioterapia: revisão sistemática da literatura. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto final de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia.