O papel do enfermeiro no controlo da hipertensão no utente com doença renal crónica
Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: A doença renal crónica (DRC) é das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade a nível global sendo, atualmente, considerada a 16ª principal causa de morte, apresentando uma crescente prevalência. A hipertensão (HTA) e a DRC têm uma relação de causa efeito, na qual a HTA tanto pode ser uma causa, como consequência da DRC, exacerbando a deterioração da função renal e aumentando o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. O controlo adequado da HTA é, portanto, crucial na gestão da DRC, uma vez que contribui significativamente para retardar a progressão desta patologia e reduzir complicações associadas.Objetivos: O objetivo geral é “compreender o papel do enfermeiro no controlo da hipertensão no utente com doença renal crónica”. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura através das pesquisas nas plataformas: B-ON, Google Académico e PubMed. Resultados e Discussão: Os 16 artigos incluídos na revisão evidenciam a importância do enfermeiro como agente ativo na prevenção da progressão da DRC e no controlo da HTA. Entre as principais intervenções de enfermagem, destacam se: a identificação precoce da HTA no utente com DRC, a monitorização regular da pressão arterial (PA) e da função renal, a comunicação eficaz entre a equipa multidisciplinar e a avaliação contínua da adesão terapêutica. A abordagem terapêutica deve ser iniciada por mudanças no estilo de vida, incluindo a implementação de medidas dietéticas, atividade física, redução do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e o abandono do tabagismo. Estas medidas são fundamentais para o controlo da PA, retardam a progressão da DRC e reduzem o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Através da evidência científica analisada, foi possível concluir que a intervenção do enfermeiro no controlo da HTA, em utentes com DRC, é multifacetada e requer uma abordagem adaptada à complexidade desta patologia. O enfermeiro desempenha um papel central nas ações de educação para a saúde, promovendo o autocuidado e sensibilizando o utente para a importância da autogestão da doença. A abordagem do enfermeiro deve ser holística e interativa, considerando os aspetos físicos, psicológicos, sociais e espirituais. Para tal, é fundamental desenvolver um pensamento crítico e reflexivo, adaptando as intervenções às necessidades específicas de cada utente, com o objetivo principal de maximizar a sua capacidade de autogestão.
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is currently considered the 16th leading cause of death, with an increasing prevalence. Hypertension (HTN) and CKD have a cause-effect relationship in which HTN can be both a cause and a consequence of CKD, exacerbating the deterioration of kidney function and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Adequate control of hypertension is therefore crucial in the management of CKD, as it contributes significantly to slowing down the progression of this pathology and reducing associated complications.Objectives: The general objective is to “understand the role of nurses in the control of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease”.Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was carried out on the platforms: B-ON, Google Scholar and PubMed.Results and Discussion: The 16 articles included in the review highlight the importance of the nurse as an active agent in preventing the progression of CKD and in controlling HTN. Key nursing interventions include early identification of HTN in CKD patients, regular monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and renal function, effective communication within the multidisciplinary team, and continuous assessment of therapeutic adherence. The therapeutic approach should begin with lifestyle changes, including the implementation of dietary measures, physical activity, reduced alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation. These measures are fundamental for controlling BP, slowing down the progression of CKD and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.Conclusion: Based on the scientific evidence analysed, it is possible to conclude that nursing intervention in the control of HTN in patients with CKD is multifaceted and requires an approach adapted to the complexity of this disease. The nurse plays a central role in health education, promoting self-care, and raising patient awareness about the importance of disease self-management. The nurse's approach should be holistic and interactive, taking in to account physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. To this end, it is essential to develop critical and reflective thinking, adapting interventions to the specific needs of each patient, with the main goal of maximizing their capacity for self-management.
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is currently considered the 16th leading cause of death, with an increasing prevalence. Hypertension (HTN) and CKD have a cause-effect relationship in which HTN can be both a cause and a consequence of CKD, exacerbating the deterioration of kidney function and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Adequate control of hypertension is therefore crucial in the management of CKD, as it contributes significantly to slowing down the progression of this pathology and reducing associated complications.Objectives: The general objective is to “understand the role of nurses in the control of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease”.Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was carried out on the platforms: B-ON, Google Scholar and PubMed.Results and Discussion: The 16 articles included in the review highlight the importance of the nurse as an active agent in preventing the progression of CKD and in controlling HTN. Key nursing interventions include early identification of HTN in CKD patients, regular monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and renal function, effective communication within the multidisciplinary team, and continuous assessment of therapeutic adherence. The therapeutic approach should begin with lifestyle changes, including the implementation of dietary measures, physical activity, reduced alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation. These measures are fundamental for controlling BP, slowing down the progression of CKD and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.Conclusion: Based on the scientific evidence analysed, it is possible to conclude that nursing intervention in the control of HTN in patients with CKD is multifaceted and requires an approach adapted to the complexity of this disease. The nurse plays a central role in health education, promoting self-care, and raising patient awareness about the importance of disease self-management. The nurse's approach should be holistic and interactive, taking in to account physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. To this end, it is essential to develop critical and reflective thinking, adapting interventions to the specific needs of each patient, with the main goal of maximizing their capacity for self-management.
Description
Keywords
Hipertensão, Insuficiência renal crónica, Enfermagem, Hypertension, Renal insufficiency, chronic, Nursing care, Health education
Citation
FAÍSCA, Mariana Faria ; JORGE, Mariana Filipa Duarte (2025) - O papel do enfermeiro no controlo da hipertensão no utente com doença renal. Castelo Branco: IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Enfermagem.