Steel-Framed residential buildings: an analysis of their architectonic potential and feasibility
Date
2026
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. EST
Abstract
A construção com estrutura metálica tem vindo a ganhar relevância no setor da habitação devido à sua eficiência estrutural, flexibilidade arquitetónica e contributo para a sustentabilidade. Tradicionalmente associadas a edifícios industriais e comerciais de grande escala, as estruturas em aço são cada vez mais utilizadas em edifícios residenciais de pequena e média altura, constituindo uma alternativa viável às soluções convencionais em betão armado. Este trabalho analisa o potencial arquitetónico, a viabilidade construtiva e o impacto urbano dos edifícios residenciais com estrutura metálica, com especial enfoque em edifícios multifamiliares até cinco pisos. A investigação aborda a interação entre arquitetura e estrutura, destacando a capacidade dos sistemas estruturais em aço para permitir vãos maiores, maior flexibilidade das plantas, redução do peso estrutural e adaptação dos espaços ao longo do tempo. Do ponto de vista da engenharia estrutural, são analisadas as principais tipologias de sistemas em aço, incluindo pórticos contraventados, pórticos rígidos e soluções mistas aço-betão. São ainda discutidos aspetos relacionados com a rapidez de execução, prefabricação, proteção ao fogo e sustentabilidade, bem como uma análise comparativa com estruturas em betão armado, considerando critérios técnicos, económicos e ambientais. Os resultados evidenciam que os edifícios residenciais com estrutura em aço representam uma solução eficiente e competitiva, conciliando desempenho estrutural, qualidade arquitetónica e adaptabilidade urbana.
Abstract: Steel-framed construction has progressively gained relevance within the residential building sector due to its structural efficiency, architectural flexibility, and contribution to sustainable development. Traditionally associated with industrial and large-scale commercial applications, steel structures are increasingly being adopted in low- to mid-rise residential buildings, offering viable alternatives to conventional reinforced concrete solutions. This study analyses the architectonic potential, construction feasibility, and urban impact of steel-framed residential buildings, with particular emphasis on multifamily structures up to five storeys. The research explores the interaction between architectural design and structural behaviour, highlighting how steel framing systems enable longer spans, flexible floor layouts, reduced structural weight, and enhanced adaptability over time. These characteristics allow residential spaces to respond more effectively to changing user needs while maintaining high performance standards. From a structural engineering perspective, the work examines the main typologies of steel frame systems, including braced frames, moment-resisting frames, composite floor solutions, and modular construction techniques. Particular attention is given to construction speed, prefabrication processes, fire protection strategies, and sustainability considerations. A comparative analysis with reinforced concrete systems is also presented to assess economic viability, structural performance, and environmental impact. The results demonstrate that steel-framed residential buildings constitute a competitive and efficient solution, capable of combining structural reliability, architectural quality, and urban adaptability. The findings support the broader application of steel construction in contemporary residential architecture and contribute to informed decision-making in future housing developments.
Abstract: Steel-framed construction has progressively gained relevance within the residential building sector due to its structural efficiency, architectural flexibility, and contribution to sustainable development. Traditionally associated with industrial and large-scale commercial applications, steel structures are increasingly being adopted in low- to mid-rise residential buildings, offering viable alternatives to conventional reinforced concrete solutions. This study analyses the architectonic potential, construction feasibility, and urban impact of steel-framed residential buildings, with particular emphasis on multifamily structures up to five storeys. The research explores the interaction between architectural design and structural behaviour, highlighting how steel framing systems enable longer spans, flexible floor layouts, reduced structural weight, and enhanced adaptability over time. These characteristics allow residential spaces to respond more effectively to changing user needs while maintaining high performance standards. From a structural engineering perspective, the work examines the main typologies of steel frame systems, including braced frames, moment-resisting frames, composite floor solutions, and modular construction techniques. Particular attention is given to construction speed, prefabrication processes, fire protection strategies, and sustainability considerations. A comparative analysis with reinforced concrete systems is also presented to assess economic viability, structural performance, and environmental impact. The results demonstrate that steel-framed residential buildings constitute a competitive and efficient solution, capable of combining structural reliability, architectural quality, and urban adaptability. The findings support the broader application of steel construction in contemporary residential architecture and contribute to informed decision-making in future housing developments.
Description
Keywords
Estruturas metálicas porticadas, Projecto de edifícios residenciais, Flexibilidade arquitetónica, Viabilidade construtiva, Steel-framed structures, Residential buildings design, Architectural flexibility, Construction feasibility
Citation
KOBALIA, Elene (2026) - Steel-Framed residential buildings:an analysis of their architectonic potential and feasibility. Castelo Branco: IPCB. EST. 112 p. Relatório do Trabalho de Fim de Curso de Engenharia Civil.