Enxertia do castanheiro na Colónia Martim Rei
Data
2025
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do volume
Editora
IPCB. ESA
Resumo
O castanheiro europeu (Castanea sativa Mill) pertence ao género Castanea e à família Fagaceae, que integra espécies com aptidão agrícola ou florestal. Em Portugal encontra-se esta espécie, principalmente no Norte e Centro do país.
A castanha é um fruto que tem vindo a ganhar valorização comercial. Essa valorização vai depender de vários critérios e dos lotes oferecidos. Um dos principais critérios é a compartimentação, ou seja, quantas amêndoas o fruto apresenta no seu interior, se apresentar só uma designa-se “marron”. Esta característica vai determinar qual o destino da castanha.
Hoje em dia, graças à presença de vários microrganismos no solo prejudiciais a esta espécie, tem promovido a utilização de porta enxertos híbridos que já apresentam alguma resistência a alguns destes organismos, com especial atenção à doença da tinta provocada por fungos do género Phytophtera.
O castanheiro pode ser explorado tanto para produção de madeira, como para produção de fruto. Para produção de fruto, é preferencialmente enxertado com um ou dois anos de idade.
Os tipos de enxertia mais utilizados são a de fenda “lateral” e a de borbulha. É necessário garantir se cumprem certos requisitos como manter a qualidade de produção e garantir que não ocorra a transmissão de doenças entre plantas.
Este trabalho foi realizado na Colónia Martim Rei, pertencente ao município do Sabugal, Guarda e reporta o processo de execução de enxertias no castanheiro para produção de castanha. Faz referência aos tipos de enxertia mais adequados, caracterização do material vegetativo, material utilizado para a realização da mesma e os factores que condicionam o sucesso da mesma.
A enxertia mais realizada foi a de fenda “lateral “sendo que nos encontrávamos na época ideal para a realização da mesma.
Abstract: The European chestnut (Castanea Sativa Mill) belongs to the genus Castanea and the family Fagaceae, which includes species suitable for agricultural or forestry use. In Portugal, this species can be found, mainly in the North and Centre of the country. The chestnut is a fruit that has been gaining cod commercial value. This evaluation depends on various criteria and the batches offered. One of the main criteria is compartmentalization, meaning how many nuts fruit contains; if it has only one, it is called “marron”. This characteristic will determine the fate of chestnuts. Nowadays, due to the presence of various microorganisms in the soils that are harmful for this species, the use of hybrid rootstocks that already show some resistance to some of these organisms has been promoted, especially regarding ink disease, caused by fungi of the genus Phytophthora. The chestnut tree can be exploited both for wood production and for fruit production. For fruit production, it is preferably grafted when it is one or two years old. The most commonly used grafting techniques are the “lateral” split and budding. It is necessary to ensure that certain requirements are met such as maintaining production quality and ensuring that disease transmission between plants does not occur. This work was carried out at the Martim Rei Agricultural Colony, which belongs to the municipality of Sabugal, Guarda, and reports the process of grafting chestnut trees for chestnut production. It refers to the most suitable types of grafting, the characterization of the vegetative material, the material used for such implementation, and the factors that determinate its success. The most frequently performed graft was the “lateral cleft graft”, as we were in the ideal period for its execution.
Abstract: The European chestnut (Castanea Sativa Mill) belongs to the genus Castanea and the family Fagaceae, which includes species suitable for agricultural or forestry use. In Portugal, this species can be found, mainly in the North and Centre of the country. The chestnut is a fruit that has been gaining cod commercial value. This evaluation depends on various criteria and the batches offered. One of the main criteria is compartmentalization, meaning how many nuts fruit contains; if it has only one, it is called “marron”. This characteristic will determine the fate of chestnuts. Nowadays, due to the presence of various microorganisms in the soils that are harmful for this species, the use of hybrid rootstocks that already show some resistance to some of these organisms has been promoted, especially regarding ink disease, caused by fungi of the genus Phytophthora. The chestnut tree can be exploited both for wood production and for fruit production. For fruit production, it is preferably grafted when it is one or two years old. The most commonly used grafting techniques are the “lateral” split and budding. It is necessary to ensure that certain requirements are met such as maintaining production quality and ensuring that disease transmission between plants does not occur. This work was carried out at the Martim Rei Agricultural Colony, which belongs to the municipality of Sabugal, Guarda, and reports the process of grafting chestnut trees for chestnut production. It refers to the most suitable types of grafting, the characterization of the vegetative material, the material used for such implementation, and the factors that determinate its success. The most frequently performed graft was the “lateral cleft graft”, as we were in the ideal period for its execution.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Castanheiro, Variedades, Porta-enxertos, Enxertia de borbulha, Enxertia de fenda lateral, Chestnut tree, Varieties, Rootstocks, Budding, Side wedge grafting
Citação
CATANA, Ana Carolina Gonçalves Martins (2025) - Enxertia do castanheiro na Colónia Martim Rei. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESA. 34 p. Relatório do Trabalho de Fim de Curso de Agronomia.