Avaliação da qualidade do sono nos estudantes do ensino secundário
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: O sono desempenha um papel crucial no suporte à função cognitiva e ao bem-estar mental durante a adolescência, sendo essencial para o desenvolvimento cerebral saudável
Objetivo Este estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar a qualidade do sono de uma amostra de estudantes do ensino secundário, através do questionário Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI), usando as variáveis do sexo, da idade, o ano de escolaridade, o agrupamento a que pertencem, a carga horária semanal de cada participante e o tempo de estudo em casa, e procurar diferenças entre cada. Procuramos verificar se existiam diferenças nas respostas ao PSQI entre sexos; comparar as respostas do PSQI entre diferentes anos escolares e diferentes agrupamentos e verificar se havia uma correlação entre o número de horas letivas e os valores do PSQI.
Métodos: A amostra foi recolhida numa escola da freguesia de Alcains e numa escola da freguesia de Castelo Branco, junto dos alunos que frequentavam o ensino secundário, constituída por um total de 215 alunos com idades compreendidas entre os 15 anos e os 18 anos e alguns com mais de 18 anos que frequentavam o ensino secundário. Para a realização do estudo os encarregados de educação ou, os indivíduos, se maiores de idade, tiveram de assinar o consentimento informado esclarecido e livre, após isso foi proposto o preenchimento de um questionário de caraterização da amostra e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Com a finalidade de testar a distribuição da amostra foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para análise das variáveis categóricas foram utilizados os testes de qui quadrado de Pearson, exato de Fisher e o teste binominal de uma amostra, em todas as variáveis percebeu-se existir uma relação estatisticamente significativa com um p <0,0001. O estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco seguida da autorização da direção dos agrupamentos de ambas as escolas.
Resultados: Os estudantes do ensino secundário apresentaram boa qualidade do sono (64%) sendo que os alunos do 12.º ano de escolaridade demonstraram melhor qualidade do sono (59%), alem disso o sexo masculino (75%) apresentou melhor qualidade de sono do que o sexo feminino (53%). Verificou-se uma relação inversamente proporcional entre o número de horas de estudo diário e a qualidade do sono. Quando se compararam os dois contextos escolares, verificou-se que os estudantes da escola da freguesia de Castelo Branco demonstraram melhor qualidade de sono do que os da escola da freguesia de Alcains, novamente com diferença estatística relevante.
Conclusão: Esta investigação permitiu identificar que a qualidade do sono nos adolescentes do ensino secundária é influenciada por variáveis como o sexo, ano de escolaridade, a carga horária semanal e o tempo de estudo em casa. Os dados sugerem que uma maior sobrecarga académica está associada a uma pior qualidade do sono. A qualidade do sono observada no sexo masculino e nos alunos do 12ºano pode refletir, respetivamente, diferenças hormonais e maior maturidade. Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a necessidade de refletir sobre as exigências escolares e o seu impacto na qualidade de sono.
Abstract: Introduction: Sleep plays a crucial role in supporting cognitive function and mental well-being during adolescence, being essential for healthy brain development. Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the sleep quality of a sample of high school students using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), considering variables such as sex, age, school year, group affiliation, weekly hours worked by each participant, and time spent studying at home, and to seek differences among each of these factors. The specific objectives were to check if there were differences in PSQI responses between sexes; to compare PSQI responses among different school years and groups; and to verify if there was a correlation between the number of class hours and PSQI scores.. Methods: The sample was collected in a school in the parish of Castelo Branco and in a school in the city of Castelo Branco, among students attending secondary school, consisting of a total of 215 students aged between 15 and 18 years, with some over 18 years who were attending secondary education. For the study, the guardians or, individuals over 18, had to sign the informed, clarified, and free consent, after which they were asked to complete a questionnaire for characterizing the sample and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. To test the distribution of the sample, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. For the analysis of categorical variables, Pearson's chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and the binomial test of a single sample were used. In all variables, a statistically significant relationship was observed with p <0.0001. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, followed by authorization from the management of both schools. Results: High school students showed good sleep quality (64%), with 12th-grade students demonstrating better sleep quality (59%). Furthermore, males (75%) exhibited better sleep quality than females (53%). There was an inversely proportional relationship between the number of daily study hours and sleep quality. When comparing the two school contexts, it was found that students from the City School of Castelo Branco demonstrated better sleep quality than those from the Parish School, again with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: This study identified that sleep quality in high school adolescents is influenced by variables such as gender, school year, weekly workload, and study time at home. The data suggest that greater academic overload is associated with poorer sleep quality. The better sleep quality observed in male students and 12th graders may reflect hormonal differences and greater maturity, reinforcing the importance of reflecting on academic demands as a way to protect health—in this case, individual sleep quality.
Abstract: Introduction: Sleep plays a crucial role in supporting cognitive function and mental well-being during adolescence, being essential for healthy brain development. Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the sleep quality of a sample of high school students using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), considering variables such as sex, age, school year, group affiliation, weekly hours worked by each participant, and time spent studying at home, and to seek differences among each of these factors. The specific objectives were to check if there were differences in PSQI responses between sexes; to compare PSQI responses among different school years and groups; and to verify if there was a correlation between the number of class hours and PSQI scores.. Methods: The sample was collected in a school in the parish of Castelo Branco and in a school in the city of Castelo Branco, among students attending secondary school, consisting of a total of 215 students aged between 15 and 18 years, with some over 18 years who were attending secondary education. For the study, the guardians or, individuals over 18, had to sign the informed, clarified, and free consent, after which they were asked to complete a questionnaire for characterizing the sample and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. To test the distribution of the sample, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. For the analysis of categorical variables, Pearson's chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and the binomial test of a single sample were used. In all variables, a statistically significant relationship was observed with p <0.0001. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, followed by authorization from the management of both schools. Results: High school students showed good sleep quality (64%), with 12th-grade students demonstrating better sleep quality (59%). Furthermore, males (75%) exhibited better sleep quality than females (53%). There was an inversely proportional relationship between the number of daily study hours and sleep quality. When comparing the two school contexts, it was found that students from the City School of Castelo Branco demonstrated better sleep quality than those from the Parish School, again with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: This study identified that sleep quality in high school adolescents is influenced by variables such as gender, school year, weekly workload, and study time at home. The data suggest that greater academic overload is associated with poorer sleep quality. The better sleep quality observed in male students and 12th graders may reflect hormonal differences and greater maturity, reinforcing the importance of reflecting on academic demands as a way to protect health—in this case, individual sleep quality.
Description
Keywords
Qualidade do sono, Estudantes, Ensino secundário, Sleep quality, Students, Education secondary
Citation
MARTINS, Filipa Barata (2025) - Avaliação da qualidade do sono nos estudantes do ensino secundário. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Fisiologia Clínica.