Resistência antimicrobiana em estirpes bacterianas causadoras de infeções urinárias recorrentes em mulheres pós-menopausa
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: As infeções do trato urinário recorrentes são mais frequentes em mulheres pós-menopausa, principalmente devido à diminuição dos níveis de estrogénio que leva à alteração da microbiota vaginal, favorecendo a colonização por uropatógenos como a Escherichia coli uropatogénica. O aumento da resistência antimicrobiana nas estirpes uropatogénicas, compromete a eficácia terapêutica levantando preocupações clínicas relevantes.
Metodologia: Este estudo baseou-se na metodologia de Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Manual e reportada segundo o PRISMA-ScR. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, sendo que os critérios de inclusão consideraram estudos publicados entre 2016 e 2024, focados em mulheres pós-menopausa, rITU e mecanismos de resistência da UPEC.
Resultados: Foram analisados nove estudos, dos quais se identificaram os principais mecanismos de resistência antimicrobiana, como como a produção de ESBLs, mutações nos genes gyrA, parC, bla-TEM, bla-CTX-M, bla-OXA, bombas de efluxo, alteração da permeabilidade da membrana e transferência horizontal de genes.
Discussão: Os resultados demonstram uma concordância entre os nove estudos relativamente à diversidade e persistência dos mecanismos de resistência da UPEC. A resistência à fosfomicina, nitrofurantoína e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim encontra-se associada a mutações específicas, sendo que se verificou uma tendência global da disseminação dos genes resistentes.
Conclusão: Os objetivos deste estudo foram atingidos, pois foram identificados os principais agentes etiológicos e caracterizados os mecanismos de resistência antimicrobiana.
Abstract : Introduction: Recurrent urinary tract infections are more frequent in postmenopausal women, mainly due to decreased estrogen levels, which lead to alterations in the vaginal microbiota, favoring colonization by uropathogens such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The rise in antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains compromises therapeutic efficacy and raises significant clinical concerns. Methodology: This study was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Manual methodology and was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, with inclusion criteria considering studies published between 2016 and 2024, focusing on postmenopausal women, rUTIs, and UPEC resistance mechanisms. Results: Nine studies were analyzed, from which the main antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were identified, such as the production of ESBLs, mutations in the gyrA, parC, bla-TEM, bla-CTX-M, and bla-OXA genes, efflux pumps, changes in membrane permeability, and horizontal gene transfer. Discussion: The results demonstrate consistency across the nine studies regarding the diversity and persistence of UPEC resistance mechanisms. Resistance to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is associated with specific mutations, and a global trend in the dissemination of resistance genes was observed. Conclusion: The objectives of this study were achieved, as the main etiological agents were identified and the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were characterized.
Abstract : Introduction: Recurrent urinary tract infections are more frequent in postmenopausal women, mainly due to decreased estrogen levels, which lead to alterations in the vaginal microbiota, favoring colonization by uropathogens such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The rise in antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains compromises therapeutic efficacy and raises significant clinical concerns. Methodology: This study was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Manual methodology and was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, with inclusion criteria considering studies published between 2016 and 2024, focusing on postmenopausal women, rUTIs, and UPEC resistance mechanisms. Results: Nine studies were analyzed, from which the main antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were identified, such as the production of ESBLs, mutations in the gyrA, parC, bla-TEM, bla-CTX-M, and bla-OXA genes, efflux pumps, changes in membrane permeability, and horizontal gene transfer. Discussion: The results demonstrate consistency across the nine studies regarding the diversity and persistence of UPEC resistance mechanisms. Resistance to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is associated with specific mutations, and a global trend in the dissemination of resistance genes was observed. Conclusion: The objectives of this study were achieved, as the main etiological agents were identified and the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were characterized.
Description
Keywords
Resistência antimicrobiana, rITU, mulheres pós-menopausa, UPEC, Antimicrobial resistance, rUTI, postmenopausal women
Citation
LOPES, Adriana Ferreira (2025) - Resistência antimicrobiana em estirpes bacterianas causadoras de infeções urinárias recorrentes em mulheres pós-menopausa. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto de Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais.