Determinação da composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea por absorciometria de raios X com dupla energia em atletas e sedentários: estudo retrospetivo
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: Com o envelhecimento é comum existir mais fragilidade óssea causada por alterações morfológicas, estruturais e funcionais desfavoráveis no corpo, provocadas por vários fatores. Desta forma, torna-se fundamental uma avaliação através da Absorciometria de Raios X com Dupla Energia (Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry - DXA) para determinar a composição corporal (CC) e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO). A prática de exercício físico é um dos fatores mais importantes para melhorar a CC e a DMO da população. Este trabalho consiste num estudo retrospetivo cujo principal objetivo é comparar a CC e a DMO obtidas através da técnica
DXA em atletas e em sedentários. Materiais e Métodos: Após uma revisão sistemática de literatura, foram selecionados 30 artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2025, nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect. A amostra incluiu 30 atletas (com, no mínimo, cinco treinos semanais durante cinco anos) e 30 indivíduos sedentários, todos do sexo masculino e com idades entre os 16 e os 20 anos. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de uma base de dados contendo exames previamente realizados com o equipamento DXA, extraídos em formato Excel e transferidos para uma base de dados do SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) para análise estatística.
Resultados: Os atletas apresentaram significativamente maior tecido magro (TM), menor percentagem de gordura, maior DMO, maior conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) e valores de Z-score superiores face aos sedentários (p<0,05). Observou-se ainda uma correlação negativa entre a gordura corporal e os valores de CMO e DMO. O peso correlacionou-se positivamente com a DMO, o CMO e o Z-score. Discussão: A análise confirmou todas as hipóteses de investigação. Atletas demonstraram melhor perfil de CC e DMO em comparação com sedentários. A prática regular de exercício físico está associada a maior TM, menor gordura corporal, níveis superiores de DMO e CMO e correlação positiva entre peso e DMO. Conclusões: A prática regular de atividade física na adolescência tem um papel crucial na melhoria da CC e da DMO, promovendo maior TM, menor percentagem de
gordura e maior DMO e CMO. Este estudo reforça a importância de estilos de vida ativos desde a adolescência para a prevenção de doenças osteometabólicas.
Abstract: Introduction: With aging, increased bone fragility is common due to unfavorable morphological, structural, and functional changes in the body caused by various factors. Therefore, it becomes essential to perform an assessment using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to determine body composition (BC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Physical exercise is one of the most important factors for improving BC and BMD in the population. This work is a retrospective study whose main objective is to compare BC and BMD obtained through the DXA technique in athletes and sedentary individuals. Materials and Methods: Following a systematic literature review, 30 articles published between 2017 and 2025 were selected from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The sample included 30 athletes (with a minimum of five training sessions per week for five years) and 30 sedentary individuals, all male and aged between 16 and 20 years. Data were obtained from a database containing previously conducted DXA scans, extracted in Excel format and transferred to an SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) database for statistical analysis. Results: Athletes showed significantly higher lean mass (LM), lower fat percentage, higher bone mineral density (BMD), higher bone mineral content (BMC), and superior Z-core compared to sedentary individuals (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed between body fat and both BMC and BMD values. Body weight was positively correlated with BMD, BMC, and Z-score. Discussion: The analysis confirmed all research hypotheses. Athletes demonstrated a better BC and BMD profile compared to sedentary individuals. Regular physical activity was associated with increased LM, lower body fat, higher BMD and BMC levels, and a positive correlation between weight and BMD. Conclusions: Regular physical activity during adolescence plays a crucial role in improving BC and BMD, promoting higher LM, lower fat percentage, and increased BMD and BMC. This study reinforces the importance of active lifestyles from adolescence as a preventive strategy against osteometabolic diseases.
Abstract: Introduction: With aging, increased bone fragility is common due to unfavorable morphological, structural, and functional changes in the body caused by various factors. Therefore, it becomes essential to perform an assessment using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to determine body composition (BC) and bone mineral density (BMD). Physical exercise is one of the most important factors for improving BC and BMD in the population. This work is a retrospective study whose main objective is to compare BC and BMD obtained through the DXA technique in athletes and sedentary individuals. Materials and Methods: Following a systematic literature review, 30 articles published between 2017 and 2025 were selected from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The sample included 30 athletes (with a minimum of five training sessions per week for five years) and 30 sedentary individuals, all male and aged between 16 and 20 years. Data were obtained from a database containing previously conducted DXA scans, extracted in Excel format and transferred to an SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) database for statistical analysis. Results: Athletes showed significantly higher lean mass (LM), lower fat percentage, higher bone mineral density (BMD), higher bone mineral content (BMC), and superior Z-core compared to sedentary individuals (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed between body fat and both BMC and BMD values. Body weight was positively correlated with BMD, BMC, and Z-score. Discussion: The analysis confirmed all research hypotheses. Athletes demonstrated a better BC and BMD profile compared to sedentary individuals. Regular physical activity was associated with increased LM, lower body fat, higher BMD and BMC levels, and a positive correlation between weight and BMD. Conclusions: Regular physical activity during adolescence plays a crucial role in improving BC and BMD, promoting higher LM, lower fat percentage, and increased BMD and BMC. This study reinforces the importance of active lifestyles from adolescence as a preventive strategy against osteometabolic diseases.
Description
Keywords
Composição corporal, Densidade mineral Óssea, Absorciometria de raios X com dupla energia, Atividade física, Estilo de vida sedentário, Body composition, Bone density, Dual-energy X-Ray, Absorptiometry, Physical activity, Sedentary lifestyle
Citation
SILVA, Mariana Cravo (2025) - Determinação da composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea por absorciometria de raios x com dupla energia em atletas e sedentários : estudo retrospetivo. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto final de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia.