O impacto da alimentação com FODMAPs nos efeitos secundários agudos da radioterapia externa na pelve: revisão de literatura
Date
2025
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IPCB. ESALD
Abstract
Introdução: A pelve, estrutura anatómica crucial para diversas funções fisiológicas, é frequentemente alvo de radioterapia no tratamento de neoplasias malignas, o que pode resultar em efeitos adversos gastrointestinais significativos. Neste contexto, a dieta Low FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols) tem emergido como uma abordagem nutricional eficaz na mitigação de sintomas como diarreia, obstipação, flatulência e distensão abdominal. O presente artigo propõe uma análise integrada da inter-relação entre a anatomia pélvica, os efeitos da radioterapia e o impacto terapêutico da dieta Low FODMAP na gestão das toxicidades gastrointestinais induzidas pelo tratamento. Materiais e Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática, guiada pela metodologia PRISMA, teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de uma dieta baixa em FODMAP na redução dos efeitos secundários agudos da radioterapia pélvica. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, abrangeu a literatura científica publicada desde 2014, selecionada através de bases de dados como PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Académico, com critérios de inclusão bem definidos e com foco na melhoria da qualidade de vida de doentes oncológicos, onde foram utilizadas palavras-chave como “Dieta FODMAP”, “Neoplasias pélvicas”, “Efeito secundário”, “Radioterapia”, "Qualidade de vida", interligadas pela lógica booleana “AND”, resultando nas seguintes pesquisas: “FODMAP diet” AND “Side Effect” AND “Quality of life”; “Pelvic neoplasms” AND “Radiotherapy” AND “Side Effect”; “Radiotherapy” AND “FODMAP diet” AND “Side Effect”; “Radiotherapy” AND “FODMAP diet”. Análise e apresentação de resultados: A introdução de uma dieta com baixo teor de FODMAPs
em doentes submetidos a radioterapia pélvica associa-se a alterações nos sintomas gastrointestinais frequentemente reportados durante o tratamento, como diarreia, distensão abdominal e desconforto retal. Observam-se variações na produção de gases, no volume retal, bem como na consistência e frequência das dejeções. Registam-se também alterações na composição da microbiota intestinal e na integridade da mucosa, sendo necessária monitorização contínua da adequação nutricional ao longo do protocolo dietético. Considerações finais: A dieta com baixo teor de FODMAPs revela-se uma estratégia nutricional promissora na mitigação dos efeitos secundários gastrointestinais agudos da radioterapia pélvica, com impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos doentes oncológicos. A sua eficácia parece estar associada à modulação da microbiota intestinal e à diminuição da inflamação, reforçando o seu valor como intervenção complementar, desde que, implementada sob orientação nutricional especializada. A necessidade de mais estudos justifica-se pela heterogeneidade
metodológica e pelo reduzido tamanho amostral.
Abstract: Introduction: The pelvis, an anatomical structure crucial for various physiological functions, is often targeted by radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, which can result in significant gastrointestinal adverse effects. In this context, the Low FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet has emerged as an effective nutritional approach in mitigating symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, and abdominal distension. This article proposes an integrated analysis of the interrelationship between pelvic anatomy, the effects of radiotherapy, and the therapeutic impact of the Low FODMAP diet in the management of treatment-induced gastrointestinal toxicities. Materials AND Methods: This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA methodology, aimed to assess the impact of a low FODMAP diet on reducing the acute side effects of pelvic radiotherapy. The research, of a qualitative nature, covered scientific literature published since 2014, selected through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, with well-defined inclusion criteria and with a focus on improving the quality of life of cancer patients, where keywords such as “FODMAP diet”, “Pelvic neoplasms”, “Side effect”, ‘Radiotherapy’, “Quality of life” were used, interconnected by the Boolean logic “AND”, resulting in the following searches: “FODMAP diet” AND “Side Effect” AND “Quality of life”; “Pelvic neoplasms” AND “Radiotherapy” AND “Side Effect”; “Radiotherapy” AND “FODMAP diet” AND “Side Effect”; ‘Radiotherapy’ AND “FODMAP diet”. Analysis and presentation of results: The introduction of a diet low in FODMAPs in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy is associated with changes in the gastrointestinal symptoms often reported during treatment, such as diarrhea, abdominal distension and rectal discomfort. There are variations in gas production, rectal volume, as well as in the consistency and frequency of defecation. There are also changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the integrity of the mucosa, requiring continuous monitoring of nutritional adequacy throughout the dietary protocol. Final considerations: Low FODMAP diet is a promising nutritional strategy for mitigating the acute gastrointestinal side effects of pelvic radiotherapy, with a positive impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. Its efficacy seems to be associated with modulating the intestinal microbiota and reducing inflammation, reinforcing its value as a complementary intervention, provided it is implemented under specialized nutritional guidance. Although the results are promising, the methodological heterogeneity between the studies and the limited sample sizes justify the need for further research.
Abstract: Introduction: The pelvis, an anatomical structure crucial for various physiological functions, is often targeted by radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, which can result in significant gastrointestinal adverse effects. In this context, the Low FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet has emerged as an effective nutritional approach in mitigating symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, and abdominal distension. This article proposes an integrated analysis of the interrelationship between pelvic anatomy, the effects of radiotherapy, and the therapeutic impact of the Low FODMAP diet in the management of treatment-induced gastrointestinal toxicities. Materials AND Methods: This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA methodology, aimed to assess the impact of a low FODMAP diet on reducing the acute side effects of pelvic radiotherapy. The research, of a qualitative nature, covered scientific literature published since 2014, selected through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, with well-defined inclusion criteria and with a focus on improving the quality of life of cancer patients, where keywords such as “FODMAP diet”, “Pelvic neoplasms”, “Side effect”, ‘Radiotherapy’, “Quality of life” were used, interconnected by the Boolean logic “AND”, resulting in the following searches: “FODMAP diet” AND “Side Effect” AND “Quality of life”; “Pelvic neoplasms” AND “Radiotherapy” AND “Side Effect”; “Radiotherapy” AND “FODMAP diet” AND “Side Effect”; ‘Radiotherapy’ AND “FODMAP diet”. Analysis and presentation of results: The introduction of a diet low in FODMAPs in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy is associated with changes in the gastrointestinal symptoms often reported during treatment, such as diarrhea, abdominal distension and rectal discomfort. There are variations in gas production, rectal volume, as well as in the consistency and frequency of defecation. There are also changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the integrity of the mucosa, requiring continuous monitoring of nutritional adequacy throughout the dietary protocol. Final considerations: Low FODMAP diet is a promising nutritional strategy for mitigating the acute gastrointestinal side effects of pelvic radiotherapy, with a positive impact on the quality of life of cancer patients. Its efficacy seems to be associated with modulating the intestinal microbiota and reducing inflammation, reinforcing its value as a complementary intervention, provided it is implemented under specialized nutritional guidance. Although the results are promising, the methodological heterogeneity between the studies and the limited sample sizes justify the need for further research.
Description
Keywords
Radioterapia, Neoplasias Pélvicas, Efeito Secundário, Qualidade de vida, Dieta FODMAP, Radiotherapy, Pelvic neoplasms, Side effect, Quality of life, FODMAP diet
Citation
ISIDORO, Maria José Silveira (2025) - O impacto da alimentação com FODMAPs nos efeitos secundários agudos da radioterapia externa na pelve : revisão de literatura. Castelo Branco : IPCB. ESALD. Trabalho de projeto Final de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia